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The École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) is a French institute dedicated to the study of Asian societies. Translated into English, it approximately means the French School of the Far East. It was founded in 1900 with headquarters in Hanoi in what was then French Indochina. After independence, its headquarters were transferred to Paris. Its main fields of research are archaeology and the study of modern Asian societies. Since 1907, the EFEO has been in charge of conservation work at the archeological site of Angkor.
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EFEO romanization system
During the 19th century, a romanization system for Mandarin was developed by the EFEO. It shares a few similarities with Wade-Giles and Hanyu Pinyin. In modern times, it has been superseded by Hanyu Pinyin.
The differences between the three romanization systems are shown in the following table:
| IPA | EFEO | WG | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | p | b |
| pʰ | p' | p' | p |
| t | t | t | d |
| tʰ | t' | t' | t |
| k | k | k | g |
| kʰ | k' | k' | k |
| ts | ts | ts | z |
| tsʰ | ts' | ts' | c |
| tʂ | tch | ch | zh |
| tʂʰ | tch' | ch' | ch |
| tɕ | k/ts | ch | j |
| tɕʰ | k'/ts' | ch' | q |
| ɕ | s/h | hs | x |
| w | ou/w | w | w |
| j | i/y | y | y |
| ɤ | ö/é | o/ê | e |
| ər | eul | êrh | er |
| z̩ | eu | û | i |
| i | e | ih | i |
| y | u | ü | ü/u |
| u | ou | u | u |
| ən | en | ên | en |
| ɤŋ | eng | êng | eng |
| iɛ | ie | ieh | ie |
| iɤʊ | ieou/iou | iu | iu |
| iɛn | ien | ien | ian |
| uo | ouo | o/uo | o/uo |
| uaɪ | ouai | uai | uai |
| ueɪ | ouei | ui | ui |
| uan | ouan | uan | uan |
| uən | ouen | un | un |
| yɛ | iue | üeh | üe/ue |
| yɛn | iuen | üan | üan/uan |
| yn | iun | ün | ün/un |
| yʊŋ | ioung | iung | iong |
The Centers of the École
- Siège : Maison de l’Asie, Paris
- Pondicherry in India
- Rangoon in Burma
- Chiang Mai in Thailand
- Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia
- Jakarta in Indonesia
- Phnom Penh and Siem Reap in Cambodia
- Vientiane in Laos
- Hanoi in Vietnam
- Hongkong and Peking in China
- Taipei in the Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Seoul in South Korea
- Kyoto and Tokyo in Japan
The Directors
- 1900: Louis Finot
- 1905: Alfred Foucher
- 1908: Claude-Eugène Maitre
- 1920: Louis Finot
- 1926: Léonard Aurousseau
- 1929: George Cœdès
- 1947: Paul Lévy
- 1950: Louis Malleret
- 1956: Jean Filliozat
- 1977: François Gros
- 1989: Léon Vandermeersch
- 1993: Denys Lombard
- 1998: Jean-Pierre Drège
- 2004: Franciscus Verellen
See also
External links
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 12 December 2008, at 05:21.
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