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| Český Krumlov | |||
| Town | |||
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| Country |  Czech Republic |
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| Region | South Bohemian | ||
| District | Český Krumlov | ||
| Commune | Český Krumlov | ||
| River | Vltava | ||
| Elevation | 492 m (1,614 ft) | ||
| Coordinates | |||
| Area | 22.16 km² (8.56 sq mi) | ||
| Population | 14,056 (2007-09-24) | ||
| Density | 634 /km² (1,642 /sq mi) | ||
| First mentioned | 1253 | ||
| Mayor | Luboš Jedlička | ||
| Timezone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 381 01 | ||
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |||
| Name | Historic Centre of Český Krumlov | ||
| Year | 1992 (#16) | ||
| Number | 617 | ||
| Region | Europe and North America | ||
| Criteria | iv | ||
   Location in the Czech Republic
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| Wikimedia Commons: Český Krumlov | |||
| Statistics: statnisprava.cz | |||
| Website: www.ckrumlov.info | |||
Český Krumlov (pronounced 
[ˈtʃɛski: ˈkrʊmlof] (help·info); German: Krummau an der Moldau or Böhmisch Krummau; Krumau variant is used sometimes; Latin: Crumlaw) is a small city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic, best known for the fine architecture and art of the historic old town and Český Krumlov Castle. Old Český Krumlov is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was given this status along with the historic Prague castle district.
The city is named Český Krumlov ("Bohemian Krumlov") to differentiate it from Moravský Krumlov ("Moravian Krumlov") in the southeast of the country.
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History
Construction of the town and castle began in the late 13th century at a ford in the Vltava River, which was important in trade routes in Bohemia. In 1302 town and castle was owned by the House of Rosenberg. Emperor Rudolf II bought Krumau in 1602 and gave it to his natural son Julius d’Austria. Emperor Ferdinand II gave Krumau to the House of Eggenberg. From 1719 until 1945 the castle belonged to the House of Schwarzenberg. Most of the architecture of the old town and castle dates from the 14th through 17th centuries; the town's structures are mostly in Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles. The core of the old town is within a horseshoe bend of the river, with the old Latrán neighborhood and castle on the other side of the Vltava.
The town became part of the Austrian Empire in 1806 and Austria-Hungary in 1866. 8,662 inhabitants lived in Krumau an der Moldau in 1910, including 7,367 Germans and 1,295 Czechs.
After World War I, Krumau belonged from October 1918 until September 1919 to Upper Austria within the Republic of German Austria. In November 1918 Czech troops occupied the town. During the interwar era it was part of Czechoslovakia. Between 1938 and 1945 it was annexed by Nazi Germany as part of the Sudetenland. The town's German-speaking population was expelled after liberation by the American Army during World War II and it was restored to Czechoslovakia.1
During the Communist era of Czechoslovakia, Krumlov fell into disrepair, but since the Velvet Revolution of 1989 much of the town's former beauty has been restored, and it is now a major holiday destination popular with tourists from Germany, Austria, and beyond. In August, 2002, the town suffered from damage in the great flood of the Vltava River.
Sights
Český Krumlov Castle is unusually large for a town of Krumlov's size; within the Czech Republic it is second in extent only to the Hradčany castle complex of Prague. Inside its grounds are a large garden, an extensive bridge over a deep gap in the rock upon which the castle is built and the castle itself, which in turn consist of many defined parts dating from different periods of time.
Church of St. Vitus (Kostel Sv. Víta) is a Gothic church dating back to the 15th century with frescoes from the same period.
Český Krumlov Castle preserves its Baroque theatre (completed 1766), complete with original stage machinery, scenery and props:, one of only a few such court theatres that still exist2 Due to its age, the theatre is only used three times a year (only two are open to the public), when a Baroque opera is performed in simulated candlelight.
Krumlov has a museum dedicated to the painter Egon Schiele, who lived in the town.
Ten kilometers from Krumlov is one of Bohemia's oldest monasteries, Zlatá Koruna ("The Golden Crown"). About 30 km from Krumlov is the Hluboka Castle, established in the twelfth century and later remodelled in imitation of Windsor Castle.
Krumlov is close to the Šumava National Park, the Czech Republic's largest national park. The Šumava mountains lie along the border with Austria and Germany and offer a range of natural habitats - peat bogs, Alpine meadows, old-growth forests, lakes, and rivers. The area is popular with walkers, cyclists, and canoeists on the Vltava. Cesky Krumlov is only a short distance from the man-made Lake Lipno, on which many people take boat trips to various small towns on the lake and also to the Dam, which is a Hydro-electic power plant.
Český Krumlov is home to Pivovar Eggenberg brewery. It has also been used as filming locations for movies such as the 2006 films The Illusionist and Hostel as well as the 1970s German movie Traumstadt.
Culture
Český Krumlov is an important cultural center, hosting a number of festivals and other events each year. The best known is the Five-Petalled Rose Festival (the name is derived from the Rožmberk crest of a 5 petal red rose), which is celebrated on the weekend of summer solstice in June. The downtown area is cleared of traffic and recreated as a medieval town with craftsmen, artists, musicians, and local people dressed in costumes from the Middle Ages. Various activities such as jousting, fencing, historical dance performances, and folk theatre take place at the castle, local park, and the river bank, among other places. The festival is concluded by a fireworks show above the castle.
Since the Velvet Revolution in 1989, over eighty restaurants have been established in the area, including Don Julius, Papa's Living, The Two Marys, the Tavern Markéta in the Castle gardens, the pub Na Louži, and the Pizzeria Latran. Many restaurants are located along the river and near the castle
See also
- The House of Rožmberk – history of the Rosenbergs (Rožmberks) noble family of Southern Bohemia and Lords of Krumlov and Rožmberk
Gallery
 The town from the castle |
 The castle |
 The castle tower |
 St. Vitus church |
 Panorama |
 Main square |
.jpg) Typical street in Krumlov |
.jpg) Another street in Krumlov |
References
- ^ History of the town of Český Krumlov
- ^ There are others at Drottningholm and Gripsholm in Sweden.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Český Krumlov |
- Official site
- Český Krumlov's Common Licensed Photos
- Ckrumlov.cz, town history (Czech)
- Official pages of the State Castle Český Krumlov
- State Castle Český Krumlov
- Museum on the local passion play and other items
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Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 25 December 2008, at 09:59.
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