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| 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane | |
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| IUPAC name | 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane |
| Other names | Genetron 134a HFC-134a R-134a Suva 134a Norflurane |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 811-97-2 |
| EINECS number | |
| RTECS number | KI8842500 |
| SMILES |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C2H2F4 |
| Molar mass | 102.03 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless gas |
| Density | 0.00425 g/cm³, gas |
| Melting point |
-103.3°C (169.85 K) |
| Boiling point |
-26.3°C (246.85 K) |
| Solubility in water | 0.15 wt% |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| Main hazards | Asphyxiant |
| NFPA 704 |
 1
1
1
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| S-phrases | (S2), S23, S24/25, S51 |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
| Related refrigerants | Difluoromethane Pentafluoroethane |
| Related compounds | 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane 2-Chloro- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Structure and properties |
n, εr, etc. |
| Thermodynamic data |
Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
| Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references |
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1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane, also called simply tetrafluoroethane, R-134a, Genetron 134a, Suva 134a or HFC-134a, is a haloalkane refrigerant with thermodynamic properties similar to R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane), but without its ozone depletion potential. It has the formula CH2FCF3, and a boiling point of −26.3 °C (−15.34 °F).
Contents |
Uses
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane is an inert gas used primarily as a "high-temperature" refrigerant for domestic refrigeration and automobile air conditioners. Other uses include plastic foam blowing, as a cleaning solvent and as a propellant for the delivery of pharmaceuticals (e.g. bronchodilators), gas dusters, and in air driers, for removing the moisture from compressed air. Moisture present in compressed air has a harmful effect on pneumatic systems. Tetrafluoroethane has also been used to cool computers in some overclocking attempts. It is also commonly used as a propellant for airsoft airguns.
Recently, R-134a has been subject to use restrictions due to its theorized contribution to climate change. In the EU, it will be banned as from 2011 in all new cars1. SAE (International, an auto engineers association) has proposed HFC-134a to be best replaced by a new fluorochemical refrigerant HFO-1234yf (CF3CF=CH2) in automobile air-conditioning systems2. California may prohibit the sale of canned HFC-134a to individuals to avoid non-professional recharge of air conditioners. A ban has been in place in Wisconsin since Oct 1994 under ATCP 136 prohibiting sales of container sizes holding less than 15 lbs of refrigerant.3
History
R-134a first appeared in the early 1990s as a replacement for Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12), which has significant ozone depleting properties.4 R-134a has been atmospherically modeled for its impact on depleting ozone and as a contributor to global warming. Research suggests that over the past 10 years the concentration of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane has increased significantly in the Earth's atmosphere, with a recent study revealing a doubling in atmospheric concentration between 2001–2004.5 It has insignificant ozone depletion potential (ozone layer), significant global warming potential (GWP100 = 1300) and negligible acidification potential (acid rain). In fact the top climate scientist at NASA, James Hansen, has advanced an alternative view of global warming wherein he argues the 0.74±0.18°C rise in average global temperatures over the last 100 years has been driven mainly by greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide.6 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane is slowly converted to trifluoroacetic acid through a radical reaction in the upper atmosphere and leads to a detectable amount of several ng/L in acid rain.7
Safety
Contact of tetrafluoroethane with flames or hot surfaces in excess of 250 °C (482 °F) may cause vapor decomposition and the emission of toxic gases including hydrogen fluoride and carbonyl halides.8 Tetrafluoroethane itself has an LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% of subjects) in rats of 1,500 g/m³, making it relatively non-toxic. However, its gaseous form is denser than air, and will displace air in the lungs. This can result in asphyxiation if excessively inhaled.910
Aerosol cans containing tetrafluoroethane, when inverted, become effective freeze sprays. Under pressure, tetrafluoroethane is compressed into a liquid, which upon vaporization absorbs a significant amount of thermal energy. As a result, it will greatly lower the temperature of any object it contacts as it evaporates. This can result in frostbite when it contacts skin.
References
- ^ European Directive 2006/40/EC relating to emissions from air-conditioning systems in motor vehicles
- ^ http://refrigerants.dupont.com/Suva/en_US/pdf/DP_HW_2nd_European_Workshop_MAC.pdf HFO-1234yf A Low GWP Refrigerant For MAC Honeywell / DuPont Joint Collaboration]
- ^ Early Action Measure California: Use ban of canned HFC-134a
- ^ Franklin J (1993). "The Atmospheric Degradation and Impact of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluorethane (Hydrofluorocarbon 134a)". Chemosphere 27: 1565–1601. doi:.
- ^ "Greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin station - Annual report 2004 (TA-2110/2005)". Norwegian Institute for Air Research. Retrieved on 2006-01-19.
- ^ http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/97/18/9875
- ^ von Sydow L, Grimvall AB, Borén HB, Laniewski K, Nielsen AT (2000). "Natural Background Levels of Trifluoroacetate in Rain and Snow". Enviro Sci Technol 34: 3115–3118. doi:.
- ^ Honeywell International (December 2005). MSDS # GTRN-0047 For Genetron 134aUV.
- ^ Alexander D. J, Libretto S. E. (1995). "An overview of the toxicology of HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane)". Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 14: 715–20.
- ^ G. E. Millward, E. Tschuikow-Roux (1972). "Kinetic analysis of the shock wave decomposition of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane". The Journal of Physical Chemistry 76 (3): 292–298. doi:.
See also
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tetrafluoroethane |
- Information about HFCs, European Fluorocarbons Technical Committee (EFCTC)
- MSDS at Oxford University
- Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 11, at inchem.org
- Pressure temperature calculator
- The Coexisting Curve of the Refrigerant HFC 134a: Some Scaling Models
- R134a 2 phase computer cooling
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 8 January 2009, at 06:49.
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