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1,3-Propanediol
IUPAC name	Propane-1,3-diol
Other names	Trimethylene glycol, 1,3-Dihydroxypropane, propane-1,3-diol, PDO
Identifiers
CAS number	504-63-2
SMILES	OCCCO
Properties
Molecular formula	C3H8O2
Molar mass	76.09 g/mol
Density	1.0597 g/cm³
Melting point	-28 °C
Boiling point	210-212 °C
Hazards
MSDS	MSDS for 1,3-propanediol
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references

1,3-Propanediol is the organic compound with the formula CH₂(CH₂OH)₂. This three-carbon diol is a colorless viscous liquid that is miscible with water.¹

Products

It is mainly used as a building block in the production of polymers.

1,3-Propanediol can be formulated into a variety of industrial products including composites, adhesives, laminates, coatings, moldings, aliphatic polyesters, copolyesters. It is also a solvent and used as a antifreeze and wood paint.

Production

1,3-Propanediol may be chemically synthesized by the hydration of acrolein, or by the hydroformylation of ethylene oxide to afford 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. The aldehyde is hydrogenated to give 1,3-propanediol.

Two other routes involve bioprocessing by certain micro-organisms:

• Conversion from corn syrup effected by a genetically modified strain of E. coli by Dupont Tate & Lyle Bioproducts (See: bioseparation of 1,3-propanediol). An estimated 120,000 tons were produced in 2007".². According to DuPont, the BioPDO process uses 40% less energy than conventional processes,³,⁴ and greenhouse gas emissions by 20%.⁵,⁶ Because of Dupont and Tate & Lyle's success in developing a renewable BioPDO process, the American Chemical Society awarded the BioPDO research teams the "2007 Heroes of Chemistry" award ⁷.

• From glycerol, where the fatty acids are converted by yeasts to long chain dicarboxylic acids and then to propanediol (i.e. using Clostridium diolis bacteria). One of the byproducts obtained from the manufacture of dairy products is acid whey ⁸.

Safety

1,3-Propanediol does not appear to pose a significant hazard via inhalation of either the vapor or a vapor/aerosol mixture.⁹

See also

• Ethylene glycol
• Polylactic acid
• Propylene glycol

References

1. ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 9629.
2. ^ Peter Werle, Marcus Morawietz, Stefan Lundmark, Kent Sörensen, Esko Karvinen, Juha Lehtonen "Alcohols, Polyhydric" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2006, Weinheim.
3. ^ http://www.chem.uu.nl/brew/BREWsymposiumWiesbaden11mei2005/WEBSITEBrewPresentations51105.PDF
4. ^ http://www.azom.com/News.asp?NewsID=8862
5. ^ http://www.chem.uu.nl/brew/BREWsymposiumWiesbaden11mei2005/WEBSITEBrewPresentations51105.PDF
6. ^ http://www.azom.com/News.asp?NewsID=8862
7. ^ http://www.azom.com/News.asp?NewsID=8862
8. ^ http://biopol.free.fr/?p=342
9. ^ Scott RS, Frame SR, Ross PE, Loveless SE, Kennedy GL. (2005). "Inhalation toxicity of 1,3-propanediol in the rat". Inhal Toxicol. 17 (9): 487–93. doi:10.1080/08958370590964485. PMID 16020043. 

External links

• Manufacturer's brochure describing uses of 1,3-propanediol

Wikipedia content modification information:

• This page was last modified on 11 December 2008, at 20:54.

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