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Technically, an aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas. Examples are smoke, oceanic haze, air pollution, and smog. In general conversation, aerosol usually refers to an aerosol spray can or the output of such a can. The word aerosol derives from the fact that matter "floating" in air is a suspension (a mixture in which solid or liquid or combined solid-liquid particles are suspended in a fluid). To differentiate suspensions from true solutions, the term sol evolved—originally meant to cover dispersions of tiny (sub-microscopic) particles in a liquid. With studies of dispersions in air, the term aerosol evolved and now embraces both liquid droplets, solid particles, and combinations of these. An aerosol may come from sources as various as a volcano or an aerosol can.
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Workplace exposure
Concentrated aerosols from substances such as silica, asbestos, and diesel particulate matter are sometimes found in the workplace and have been shown to result in a number of diseases including silicosis and black lung.[1] Respirators can protect workers from harmful aerosol exposure. In the United States the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health certifies respirators through the National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory to ensure that they protect workers and the public from harmful airborne contaminants.[2]
Effect on climate
Anthropogenic aerosols, particularly sulfate aerosols from fossil fuel combustion, exert a cooling influence on the climate.[3] The cooling effect of aerosols, however, does not seem to directly counteract the warming induced by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor and is accounted for in climate models, despite some claims that "global dimming" by aerosols may counteract global warming.[4]
Recent studies of the Sahel drought[5] and major increases since 1967 in rainfall over the Northern Territory, Kimberley, Pilbara and around the Nullarbor Plain have led some scientists to conclude that the aerosol haze over South and East Asia has been steadily shifting tropical rainfall in both hemispheres southward[6]. The latest studies of severe rainfall declines over southern Australia since 1997[7] have led climatologists there to consider the possibility that these Asian aerosols have shifted not only tropical but also midlatitude systems southward.
References
- ^ "Aerosols". United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved on 2008-03-15.
- ^ "Respirators". United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved on 2008-03-15.
- ^ Climate Change 2001United Nations Environmental Program Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- ^ Romanou, Anastasia & others, "20th century changes in surface solar irradiance in simulations and observations", Geophysical Research Letters 34: L05713, doi:, <http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/2007/2007_Romanou_etal.pdf>
- ^ Pollutants and Their Effect on the Water and Radiation Budgets
- ^ Australian rainfall and Asian aerosols
- ^ Pollution rearranging ocean currents
See also
- Aerosol spray, the spraying device
- Bioaerosol
- Particulate, mixed-phase state of matter
- Pollution
External links
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 7 October 2008, at 16:27.
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