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Agricultural engineering is the engineering discipline that applies engineering science andand protect the environment, and they design traditional and alternative energy systems to meet the needs of agricultural operations.*Agricultural processing engineering: Flow behavior of powder and granular food products; aseptic processing of food products; food biosensors; on-line computer control of food processing operations; modeling heat transfer mechanisms during thermal processing of foods; smart food HISTORICAL EVENT:
July 2, 1862 Congress approved “Land Grant Act” for establishment of agricultural colleges in different states.
March 2, 1887 Congress supplement above act to establish Agricultural Experiment Stations (Hatch Act).
August 30, 1890 Congress appropriated $15,000.00 for first 10 years and raising it to $25,000.00 thereafter.
April 11, 1899 Treaty of peace by which March 12, 1903 University of Puerto Rico, R 1278)
May 27, 1907 Dr. D. W. May Director of Federal Experiment Station at Mayaguez conceived the idea of agricultural school in Mayaguez.
March 12, 1908 Resolution by Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico to solicit US Congress to apply acts of July 2, 1862, August 30, 1890 and March 01, 1907 to Puerto Rico.
1909 Between February 9 to November 02: J.J. Cartagena sold 100 acres to establish agricultural school. It was known as University Farm.
July, 1911 Sugarcane Experimental Station in Río Piedras submitted its first annual report to Sugar Grower’s Association.
November, 1911 Architect Holmes of Insular Government was in Mayaguez to inspect the site of erection of College of Agriculture. First dean Dr. F.L. Stevens was appointed.
1912 During 1911-12, agricultural faculty in Mayaguez was engaged in teacher’s training around the island.
September 16, 1912 First class of Fall semester started in College of Agriculture, Mayaguez. College of Agriculture was changed to College of Agriculture and Mechanics Arts (CAAM) of University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez.
March 07, 1912 Legislative Assembly appropriated $30,000.00 to erect a building for College of Agriculture of University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez.
June 16, 1913 Agriculture College Weekly (Page 204 to 210) indicates courses in engineering but no faculty in engineering.
1913 District Commander of Puerto Rico (September 13, 1913) and US Assistant Secretary at War (January 31, 1914) Granted license to agricultural college in Mayaguez to occupy and use the land/buildings (Mayaguez Fort Reservation & Little Point, Algarrobo).
February 09, 1914 Dr. F.L. Stevens delivered his farewell address. Agriculture was developed first and then engineering was added later.
1914 Sugar Growers transferred sugarcane Experiment Station to Board of Commissioners of Puerto Rico. Annual Reports till 1914 were submitted to Sugar growers by Director J.T. Crawley.
1915 Mr. R.S. Garwood was appointed Dean till 1920.
1915 First graduating class from CAAM included fifteen graduates in agricultural science.
October 19, 1916 Association of Sugar Chemists was formed with Prof. F.A. Lopez-Dominguez as president.
1917 Manuel L. Vicente, Assistance Professor in Civil Engineering was appointed in 1916 with CAAM. He later became Chairman of newly created Division of Agricultural Engineering in the Agricultural Experiment Station of U.P.R. during 1933-43. This Division has also been called engineering section at many times.
1917 Sugarcane Experiment Station, Rio Piedras was transferred to Department of Agriculture and labor. It was renamed as Insular Experiment Station. Same year Department of Agriculture was organized.
1917 First issue of The Journal of Agriculture of Puerto Rico was issued by Insular Experiment Station. This journal was later renamed to Journal of Agriculture of University of Puerto Rico on November 15, 1933.
March 19 to 21, 1918 First Agricultural Congress in Mayaguez.
1918 Luis C. Manzón, Juan M. Pérez and Fernando Saldaña Davila were first graduates in Sugar Engineering from CAAM.
October 11, 1918 Buildings and equipments at CAAM were destroyed by the earthquake.
1919 B.Sc. in Sugar engineering was eliminated and BS in sugar Chemistry was added.
May 23, 1919 Alumni of CAAM was started.
June 03, 1919 Legislative of Puerto Rico appropriated $35,000.00 for buildings and equipments at CAAM.
July 20, 1921 Legislature of Puerto Rico appropriated $300,000 for reconstruction of necessary buildings in new building for Agricultural, Civil, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering.
July 5, 1925 Sugarcane Technologists Annual Meeting, San Juan.
1925 Dr. Frank D. Kern on loan from Pennsylvania State University as Dean of CAAM. September 30, 1925 to July, 1926.
1927 Prof. H. T. Cowles was Dean of CAAM. July 1, 1926 to July 11, 1927.
1927 Dr. Carlos A. Figueroa was Dean of CAAM. From July 1927 to June 1932.
1928 September 13: Hurricane San Felipe hit Puerto Rico.
1928 First irrigation system was installed for sugarcane, grazing, tobacco, sea-land cotton on 60 acres in Isabela Irrigation District.
1928 Isabela Agricultural Experiment Substation moved to its present location.
1930 Rafael A. Gonzales, Chief Engineer with Isabela Irrigation Service, planted first experiment on irrigation in sugarcane at Isabela.
1931 International Society of Sugarcane Technologists held its meeting in Puerto Rico.
April 23, 1931 Department of Agriculture & Labor was changed to Department of Agriculture & Commerce by virtue of Law No. 25
July 1, 1931 Mr. F.A. Lopez-Dominguez hired Manuel L. Vicente, Civil Engineer to head engineering section of Insular Experiment Station at Rio Piedras. He indicated in his report “AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND SECTION WAS ORGANIZED TO STUDY IRRIGATION, RURAL CONSTRUCTION, MACHINES AND FARM IMPLEMENTS ETC.” Vicente regularly presented written progress report to the Director during 1933-1943.
September, 1931 Cyclone San Nicolas hit Puerto Rico.
1932 September 26: Cyclone San Ciprian hit Puerto Rico.
March, 1932 International Congress of Sugarcane Technologists in San Juan.
1932 First students graduated from CAAM in electrical engineering.
1933 Non-engineer Jóse Adsur was appointed as assistant engineer to work with Manuel L. Vicente. Jóse was later transferred to Division of Genetics of Agric. Exp. Station in 1935.
August 16, 1933 Legislative assembly of Puerto Rico passed a joint resolution no. 3 to accept benefits of Hatch. Supplementary acts of the US Congress were extended to Puerto Rico by act on March 04, 1931.
November 15, 1933 Insular Experimet Station started working as “Agricultural Experiment Station of the College of Agriculture and Mechanics Arts of University of Puerto Rico.” Name of journal was changed to “The Journal of Agriculture University of Puerto Rico.” AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING DIVISION WAS ALLOCATED $144.37 OUT OF $109,557.10 total budget during 1933-34. Budget limitations did not allow engineering division to grow.
1934 Agricultural Experiment Station at Rio Piedras allotted $2,291.66 to engineering section out of $108,177.38 during July, 1934 to June 1935.
1935 Dr. Harry G. Parkinson of Pennsylvania State University was Dean of CAAM during fall 1934 to May 1937. Agricultural Experiment Station (AES) allotted $768.88 to engineering section out of $18,610.84 during July 1935 to June 1936.
1936 Mr. F.A. Lopez, Director of AES, defined duties of Division of Agricultural Engineering. ( in his annual report of 35-36) as : ‘The work of this division has do primarily with the preparation of different types of terrace for control of soil erosion. The engineering also has the charge of all work pertaining to repair of buildings, care of roads, drainage fields, Upkeep of equipment and machinery, preparation of plans and survey of aerial maps in relation to soil survey”. Vicente outlined a well established experiment on terraces and emphasized a greater need of adequate farm equipment. In February 1936, Vicente was transferred temporarily to Planning Division of Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration to organize aerial maps.
1937 Main AES buildings at Rio Piedras was completed at the beginning of 26th year of AES. Dr. Melville Cook et al. prepared silver jubill history of AES.
1937 Vicente M. L. reported research on study of traction on different kinds of soils using oxen, (lack of equipment and technical help hindered progress), relative efficiency of terraces, and tractor survey of the island. He also acted as an inspector in the construction of agronomy building.
1938 J. A. B. Nolla, director AES, reported 1.9 millions acres (90%) of farm land during 1935 and a population of 1.8 millions persons on 3600 square miles of Puerto Rico.
1939 Dr. Miguel A. Lugo-Lopez recalled that Jorge Rodriguez Arias was his teacher in 1939-40 at CAAM, he worked closely with L.J. Willardson at Lajas and I. O. Israelson 1955. He recalled his memory having met Vicente, Rivera, Segarra, in 1943 and Carl Hall in 1962 and that probably Camelo A. Gonzales was working in rural electrification with SEA in Arecibo area in sixties.
1940 J. A. B. Nolla, director AES, reported that island was able to produce 50% of retail value of food consumed, 90% of fruit and nuts consumed, 94% of eggs, 90% of starchy vegetable and 82% of green, yellow and leafy vegetable.
1940 A wooden building for the “Agricultural Engineering Section” was constructed on the eastern side of Jesús T. Piñero Building” at UPRM. In the August of 1983, this wooden building was demolished to erect the extension to Piñero building. The construction was completed in September of 1984 at a cost of $1.5 million and the extension with a total floor area of 20,50 square feet was inaugurated on October 19,1984. The Department of Agricultural Engineering was moved in August of 1983 to the “Agricultural Machinery Laboratory” that was constructed in the seventies.
1943 Mr. Arturo Roque, director AES, noted in his report “AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH HAS CONTRIBUTED VERY LITTLE TO ENGINEERING”. It should be possible to organized research on IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE, FARM BUILDING, FARM MACHINES. Paul L. McConnie resaved his DS degree in AGRIC. ENGG. From Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA and is probably FIRST AGRICULTURAL ENGINEER OF PUERTO RICO ORIGIN. HE SETTLED IN SAN JUAN AREA. He talked on Agricultural engineering history on May 09, 1988 at the spring meeting of ASAE Section.
1943 October 14: Cyclone San Calixto hit Puerto Rico.
October 1943 Engineer Luis Stefani Raffuci was appointed Vice-Chancellor of CAAM, Mayaguez.
1944 Non Engineer Carlos J. Clavell was appointed in charge of engineering section of AES, Río Piedras. He was helped by J. Diaz’ Rivera, engineer. Arturo Roque Director AES, reported in 1940 census for Puerto Rico “2.25 millions cuerdas, 2.0 million persons, 1.3 million cuerdas in arable land of which 0.9 under cultivation with 600 persons/sq. miles.
1945 Agronomy and horticulture Department of AES, Río Piedras employed R. Torres as research assistant in Agricultural Engineering. It cannot be confirmed if he was an engineer.
1948 In the College of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural engineering department was organized with staff of two members and with doctor Jorge H. Rodríguez Arias as founding director.
1957 Agricultural Engineering Section was created in Agricultural Extension Service in Río Piedras with one staff and three specialists in 1956 in Rural electrification, farm power, and farm structure
1957 The Agricultural Engineering Section of AES was integrated with other similar units, and office was located at Mayaguez.
1958 Agricultural engineer in Irrigation and drainage was added for Agricultural Extension Service in Río Piedras.
1959 Pursuant to a recommendation by Agricultural Committee, University Chancellor brought all leadership and administrative reponsability for all programs in agricultural engineering and personnel in all three functions teaching, research and extension- under a single Director with offices at the Mayaguez Campus.
January 20, 1966 Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico approved the “University of Puerto Rico Law”. Agricultural Engineering Department became first integrated department in the College of Agricultural Sciences under the new status.
October 1, 1979 Agricultural Experiment Station hired Megh R. Goyal, Agricultural Engineer, to initiate research and extension activities in Trickle Irrigation. First research experiment on tricle irrigation in vegetable was installed at Fortuna Substation at Juana Díaz- Puerto Rico.
August 1982 Agricultural Engineers Anand D. Sharma to work in coffee processing and Yoosef Shahabazi in waste management were hired.
January 1984 Self study report on the Agricultural Engineering Department was prepared by Dr. Anand D. Sharma.
1982-2007 During this period Directors of Department of Agricultural Engineering at UPR-RUM were: Rene Otero Dávila, Allan L. Phillips, Luis Pérez Alegría, Alberto Pantoja, Fernando Pérez Muñoz, and Héctor López
April 26, 1999 Academic Senate of UPR-RUM approved that the name of Department of Agricultural Engineering be changed to Department of Agricultural Engineering and Byosistems (Certification #99-12).
August 1999 Eric W. Harmsen joined as Associate Professor in Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, to teach courses in agricultural water management with emphasis in Agricultural hydrology and agroclaimatology.
September 16, 2005 Puerto Rico Section of ASABE recognizes Dr. Megh R. Goyal as Father of Irrigation Engineering in Puerto Rico.
Contents |
Timeline of Historical Events in Agricultural Engineering in United States of America
DATE with HISTORICAL EVENT
1907 Professor J. Brownlee Davidson, newly appointed professor of agricultural engineering at Iowa State College, corresponded with other schools teaching courses in farm power and rural engineering. They agreed to meet that winter in Madison, Wis. Eighteen charter members (three from Canada) agreed to organize the American Society of Agricultural Engineers and elected Davidson its first president.
1912 Members of ASAE adopted the first standard practice “Conventional Signs for Agricultural Engineers”. Tractor testing standards were discussed to firmly put the Society in the standard procedure business.
1920 Assistant secretary Frank Hanson produced the first four issues of the Journal of Agricultural Engineering.
1925 A two-page ad in the January issue of the Journal called for creation of the Committee on Relation of Electricity to Agriculture. The CREA and rural electrification became prominent in the Society discussions.
1927 On August 30 of 1927 an audience with President Coolidge proposes eight recommendations concerning “Farm Problems” with one being the establishment of a Bureau of Agricultural Engineering (BAE) with the USDA. This audience resulted from fishing experience by ASAE President Zimmerman.
1931 President Hoover signed the bill establishing the BAE with divisions reflecting work of ASAE divisions, but the president directed that the effort be concentrated with the small family farmers not big corporate farms.
1932 First ASAE Award was given, the Cyrus Hall McCormick Gold Medal, thereby adding another dimension to Society activity.
1935 USDA reorganizes a Soil Erosion Service that brought together erosion week of the CCC, Forest Service. ASAE voted to establish the Soil and Water Conservation Division. Practices to alleviate the cause of the dust bowl were initiated and reported.
1938 Committee on the Energetic of the Biology in Agriculture was formed as first discussions of relation of our Society with biology.
1945 Hay and grain drying technology gain importance in the Society.
1946 The G.I. Bill brought lots of military men to colleges for agricultural engineering degrees.
1947 Cotton mechanization moved rapidly onto the farms.
1950 ECPD recognized 15 Agricultural Engineering curriculums, the first since 1937, at which time there were only three.
1954 ASAE joined the American Society of Engineering Education. Curricula was greatly improved.
1957 Fiftieth Anniversary- At the time there were 5,000,000 tractors on America’s farms and 95 percent of farms were electrified. Twenty-five of forty-four Departments of Agricultural Engineering had ECPD accreditation.
1958 First issue of Transactions of the ASAE was published.
1962 Silent Spring by Rachel Carson spurs anti chemical and anti business feelings. ASAE reports on livestock waste management and chemical application controls increase.
1963 Biological engineering versus agricultural engineering debated at meetings.
1965 A three-prong organization was proposed and adopted in 1968 after it was decided that the change should not be made in technical division names.
1966 The decision was made to build headquarters building in St. Joseph, Mich. After considering Chicago O’Hare locations and joining other engineering societies in the United Engineering Center in New York City.
1970 New headquarters building dedicated.
1971 Society files suit to claim exemption from property taxes (almost $9,000). As upheld by the Michigan Court of Appeals, the judge found that “the work of the ASAE is an educational nature… it’s a scientific organization… [and] without this contribution, such results… would be of great cost to the taxpayer…”
1973 Court decision in Louisiana determines that Agricultural Engineers can be professional engineers.
1974 SI (metric) units were adopted for all ASAE publications.
1977 The Grain Harvester history book was published, first in a continuing series of books that record the story of tractors and farm machines developments.
1981 First in-house computer was purchased for Society record keeping.
1982 Seventy-fifth Anniversary film produced to report developments of engineering in agriculture and contributions to reduction of drudgery on the farm.
1984 ASAE Foundation was established as a separate entity.
1988 Council structure of ASABE was recognized.
1988 Agreement of corporation was reached with the Australian Agricultural Engineering Society.
1990 ASAE was awarded the secretariat of ISO TC 27 to take worldwide lead in maintaining standards for combines and forage harvesters.
1993 Agreement with China Society of Agricultural Engineering.
1997 M. Melissa Moore becomes Executive Vice President.
1998 1st International Quarter Scale competition held in Moline, Illinois.
2005 International Meeting Tampa, FL: ASAE changes name to American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). CASE changes name to the Canadian Society of Bioengineering, CSBE.
2006 International Meeting, Portland, Ore. (July 9-12)
2007 Centennial Anniversary meeting of ASABE was held in Minneapolis, Minnesota. June 17-20, 2007.
==Professional societies== (http://www.asabe.org/membership/international.html International Societies in Agricultural Engineering)
1. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE).
2. Asian Association for Agricultural Engineering
3. Australian Society for Engineering in Agriculture.
4. Brazilian Association of Agricultural Engineering.
5. European Society of Agricultural Engineers.
6. Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers (ISAE).
7. Asociación Mexicana de Ingenieros Agrícolas.
8. Sociedad Española de Agroingenieria.
9. Pan American Association of Agricultural Engineering (UPADI).
See also
- Food and Bioprocess Technology
- Contemporary Food Engineering
- American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
- Biomedical Engineering (BMES)
Further reading
- Field, H. L., Solie, J. B., & Roth, L. O. (2007). Introduction to agricultural engineering technology a problem solving approach. New York: Springer. ISBN 0387369139.
- Stewart, R. E. 1997. Seven decades that changed America. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. ISBN 09161501718.
- DeForest, S. S. 2007. The vision that cut drugery from farming forever. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. ISBN 1892769611.
- <http://asae.frymulti.com/section_meeting.asp?confid=smppr>
- <http://asae.frymulti.com/abstract.asp?aid=21084&t=1>
- <http://www.ece.uprm.edu/~m_goyal/publication.htm>
External links
- American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Official Site
- International Academic Programs in Agricultural, Food,or Biological Engineering
- International Commission of Agricultural Engineering Official Site
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering-Michigan State University
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department-Iowa State University
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science -Zhejiang University, China
- Department og Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering at University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez
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