Angiotensin II receptor type 1

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Angiotensin II receptor, type 1
Identifiers
Symbols AGTR1; AG2S; AGTR1A; AGTR1B; AT1; AT1B; AT2R1; AT2R1A; AT2R1B; HAT1R
External IDs OMIM: 106165 MGI: 87964 HomoloGene: 3556
RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 185 11607
Ensembl ENSG00000144891 ENSMUSG00000049115
Uniprot P30556 Q5SVY5
Refseq NM_000685 (mRNA)
NP_000676 (protein)		 NM_177322 (mRNA)
NP_796296 (protein)
Location Chr 3: 149.9 - 149.94 Mb Chr 13: 30.34 - 30.39 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

Angiotensin II receptor, type 1 or AT1 receptor is an angiotensin receptor. It has vasopressor effects and regulates aldosterone secretion. It is an important effector controlling blood pressure and volume in the cardiovascular system.

It is the best elucidated angiotensin receptor.

Contents

Mechanism

The angiotensin receptor is activated by the vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin II. The activated receptor in turn couples to Gq/11 and thus activates phospholipase C and increases the cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, which in turn triggers cellular responses such as stimulation of protein kinase C. Activated receptor also inhibits adenylate cyclase and activates various tyrosine kinases.[1]

Effects

The AT1 receptor mediates the major cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II. Effects include vasoconstriction, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, increased vasopressin secretion, cardiac hypertrophy, augmentation of peripheral noradrenergic activity, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, decreased renal blood flow, renal renin inhibition, renal tubular sodium reuptake, modulation of central sympathetic nervous system activity, cardiac contractility, central osmocontrol and extracellular matrix formation.[2]

Pathology

The AT1 receptor may play role in the generation of reperfusion arrhythmias following restoration of blood flow to ischemic or infarcted myocardium.

Gene

It was previously thought that a related gene, denoted as AGTR1B, existed; however, it is now believed that there is only one type 1 receptor gene in humans. At least four transcript variants have been described for this gene. Additional variants have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined. The entire coding sequence is contained in the terminal exon and is present in all transcript variants.[3]

References

  1. ^ Higuchi S, Ohtsu H, Suzuki H, Shirai H, Frank GD, Eguchi S (2007). "Angiotensin II signal transduction through the AT1 receptor: novel insights into mechanisms and pathophysiology". Clin. Sci. 112 (8): 417–28. doi:10.1042/CS20060342. PMID 17346243. 
  2. ^ Catt KJ, Mendelsohn FA, Millan MA, Aguilera G (1984). "The role of angiotensin II receptors in vascular regulation". J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 6 Suppl 4: S575–86. PMID 6083400. 
  3. ^ "Entrez Gene: AGTR1 angiotensin II receptor, type 1".

Further reading

  • Matsusaka T, Ichikawa I (1997). "Biological functions of angiotensin and its receptors.". Annu. Rev. Physiol. 59: 395–412. doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.59.1.395. PMID 9074770. 
  • Allen AM, Moeller I, Jenkins TA, et al. (1998). "Angiotensin receptors in the nervous system.". Brain Res. Bull. 47 (1): 17–28. PMID 9766385. 
  • Berry C, Touyz R, Dominiczak AF, et al. (2002). "Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide.". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 281 (6): H2337–65. PMID 11709400. 
  • Arima S, Ito S (2001). "New insights into actions of the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney: concentrating on the Ang II receptors and the newly described Ang-(1-7) and its receptor.". Semin. Nephrol. 21 (6): 535–43. PMID 11709801. 
  • Stowasser M, Gunasekera TG, Gordon RD (2002). "Familial varieties of primary aldosteronism.". Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 28 (12): 1087–90. PMID 11903322. 
  • Padmanabhan N, Padmanabhan S, Connell JM (2002). "Genetic basis of cardiovascular disease--the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as a paradigm.". Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS 1 (4): 316–24. doi:10.3317/jraas.2000.060. PMID 11967817. 
  • Thibonnier M, Coles P, Thibonnier A, Shoham M (2002). "Molecular pharmacology and modeling of vasopressin receptors.". Prog. Brain Res. 139: 179–96. PMID 12436935. 
  • Elton TS, Martin MM (2003). "Alternative splicing: a novel mechanism to fine-tune the expression and function of the human AT1 receptor.". Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 14 (2): 66–71. PMID 12591176. 
  • Saavedra JM, Benicky J, Zhou J (2007). "Mechanisms of the Anti-Ischemic Effect of Angiotensin II AT( 1 ) Receptor Antagonists in the Brain.". Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 26 (7-8): 1099–111. doi:10.1007/s10571-006-9009-0. PMID 16636899. 
  • Oliveira L, Costa-Neto CM, Nakaie CR, et al. (2007). "The angiotensin II AT1 receptor structure-activity correlations in the light of rhodopsin structure.". Physiol. Rev. 87 (2): 565–92. doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2005. PMID 17429042. 
  • Ariza AC, Bobadilla NA, Halhali A (2007). "[Endothelin 1 and angiotensin II in preeeclampsia]". Rev. Invest. Clin. 59 (1): 48–56. PMID 17569300. 
  • Xia Y, Zhou CC, Ramin SM, Kellems RE (2007). "Angiotensin receptors, autoimmunity, and preeclampsia.". J. Immunol. 179 (6): 3391–5. PMID 17785770. 
  • Mauzy CA, Hwang O, Egloff AM, et al. (1992). "Cloning, expression, and characterization of a gene encoding the human angiotensin II type 1A receptor.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 186 (1): 277–84. PMID 1378723. 
  • Curnow KM, Pascoe L, White PC (1992). "Genetic analysis of the human type-1 angiotensin II receptor.". Mol. Endocrinol. 6 (7): 1113–8. PMID 1508224. 
  • Furuta H, Guo DF, Inagami T (1992). "Molecular cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding human angiotensin II type 1 receptor.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 183 (1): 8–13. PMID 1543512. 
  • Takayanagi R, Ohnaka K, Sakai Y, et al. (1992). "Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression of a cDNA encoding human type-1 angiotensin II receptor.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 183 (2): 910–6. PMID 1550596. 
  • Bergsma DJ, Ellis C, Kumar C, et al. (1992). "Cloning and characterization of a human angiotensin II type 1 receptor.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 183 (3): 989–95. PMID 1567413. 
  • Gemmill RM, Drabkin HA (1992). "Report of the Second International Workshop on Human Chromosome 3 mapping.". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 57 (4): 162–6. PMID 1683828. 
  • Curnow KM, Pascoe L, Davies E, et al. (1996). "Alternatively spliced human type 1 angiotensin II receptor mRNAs are translated at different efficiencies and encode two receptor isoforms.". Mol. Endocrinol. 9 (9): 1250–62. PMID 7491117. 
  • Marrero MB, Schieffer B, Paxton WG, et al. (1995). "Direct stimulation of Jak/STAT pathway by the angiotensin II AT1 receptor.". Nature 375 (6528): 247–50. doi:10.1038/375247a0. PMID 7746328. 


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v • d • e
Transmembrane receptor: G protein-coupled receptors
Class A: Rhodopsin like
α1 (A, B, D) • α2 (A, B, C) • β1 • β2 • β3
CysLT (1, 2) • LTB4 (1, 2) • FPRL1 • OXE • Prostaglandin (DP, EP (1, 2, 3, 4), PGF) • Prostacyclin • Thromboxane
B/W (1, 2) • FF (1, 2) • S • Y (1, 2, 4, 5)
GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 119, 120, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182)
Adenosine (A1, A2a, A2b, A3) • P2Y (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F) • 5-HT2 (A, B, C) • 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)
Other
Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) • Adrenomedullin • Anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) • Angiotensin (1, 2) • Apelin • Bile acid • Bombesin (BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) • Bradykinin (B1, B2) • Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2) • Chemokine • Cholecystokinin (A, B) • Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) • EBI2 • Endothelin (A, B) • Estrogen • Formyl peptide (1, L1, L2) • Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) • FSH • Galanin (1, 2, 3) • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) • Ghrelin • Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) • Kisspeptin • Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin • Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • MAS (1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4) • Melanocortin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • MCHR (1, 2) • Melatonin (1A, 1B) • Motilin • Neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) • Neurotensin (1, 2) • Opioid (Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, but not Sigma) • Olfactory • Opsin (3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH) • Orexin (1, 2) • Oxytocin • Oxoglutarate • PAF • Prokineticin (1, 2) • Prolactin-releasing peptide • Protease-activated (1, 2, 3, 4) • Relaxin (1, 2, 3, 4) • Somatostatin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • SREB • Succinate • TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) • Tachykinin (1, 2, 3) • Thyrotropin • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone • Urotensin-II • Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2)
Class B: Secretin like
GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 157)
Other
Class C: Metabotropic
glutamate / pheromone
TAS1R (1, 2, 3) • TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)
Other
Calcium-sensing receptor • GABA B (1, 2) • Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)) • GPRC6A • GPR (156, 158, 179) • RAIG (1, 2, 3, 4)
Frizzled / Smoothened
Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) • Smoothened

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