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| Antimony pentachloride | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name | Antimony pentachloride |
| Other names | Antimonic chloride; antimony(V) chloride; antimony quintachloride; antimony perchloride |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 7647-18-9 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | SbCl5 |
| Molar mass | 299.024 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colourless or yellow (fuming) liquid |
| Density | 2.34 g/cm³, ? |
| Melting point |
4°C (277 K) |
| Boiling point |
140°C |
| Solubility in water | Reacts |
| Structure | |
| Molecular shape | Trigonal bipyramidal |
| Dipole moment | 0 D |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Corrosive, respiratory irritant |
| Flash point | Does not burn |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Antimony pentafluoride; antimony pentabromide; antimony pentaiodide |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references |
|
Antimony pentachloride is a the chemical compound with the fromula SbCl5. It is a toxic and very corrosive substance, and fumes in moist air.
Reactions
Antimony pentachloride reacts with water vigorously to give a strongly acidic solution consisting mainly of hydrochloric acid (with some dissolved antimony(V)), due to hydrolysis of the compound. It is very soluble in hydrochloric acid and solutions containing the chloride ion, due to formation of the hexachloroantimonate complex ion:
SbCl5 + Cl− → [SbCl6−
It is also soluble in chloroform and dichloromethane, and is commercially available as a solution in the latter.
Properties
Antimony pentachloride is a reddish-yellow, oily liquid, which is hygroscopic and solidifies after moisture is absorbed. It is used in analytical testing for caesium and alkaloids, for dyeing, and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis. It is also a strong oxidizing agent.1
References
- ^ Connelly, N. G. and Geiger, W. E., "Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry", Chem. Rev., 1996, 96, 877-922.doi:10.1021/cr940053x
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