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Arbidol
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 1-methyl-2-((phenylthio)methyl)-3- carbethoxy-4-((dimethylamino)methyl)-5- hydroxy-6-bromindole hydrochloride |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | L03 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C22H28BrClN2O4S |
| Mol. mass | 531.891 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | N/A |
| Metabolism | N/A
- |
| Half life | 17–21 hours |
| Excretion | renal |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
N/A |
| Legal status |
N/A |
| Routes | oral |
Arbidol (Russian: Арбидол) is an antiviral treatment for influenza infection used in Russia and China. The drug is manufactured by Moscow-based Masterlek (Russian: Мастерлекin). Its acceptance amongst the pharamecutical industry varies, although some Russian studies have shown it to be as effective as other available treatments.
Chemically, Arbidol features an indole core, functionalized at all positions but one with different substituents. The drug inhibits viral entry into target cells, and also stimulates the immune response.
Arbidol is manufactured and made available as both tablets and capsules.
Contents |
Status
Testing of Arbidol's efficacy has mainly occured in China and Russia,12 and it is in widespread use in these two countries.
The Russian tests showed the drug to be effective as other available treatments,1 but it has yet to gain universal acceptance amongst the Western pharmaceutical industry. Some regions have welcomed Arbitol as a more affordable and cost-effective option compared with other drugscitation needed, while others still maintain a level of suspicion over the validity of its safety and efficacy testing.citation needed Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza and the encroaching pandemic threat of H5N1 has seen the drug added to the arsenal of influenza treatments in several countries.citation needed
Mode of action
Biochemistry
Arbidol prevents contact between the virus and target host cells. Fusion bewteen the viral capsid and the cell membrane of the target cell is inhibited. This prevents viral entry to the target cell, and therefore protects it from infection.3
Some evidence suggests that the drugs actions are more effective at preventing infections from RNA viruses than infections from DNA viruses.4
As well as specific antiviral action against both Influenza A and Influenza B viruses, Arbiodol exhibits modulatory effects on the immune system. The drug stimulates a humoral immune response, induces interferon-production, and stimulates the phagocytic function of macrophages.5
Clinical application
Arbidol is used primarily as an antiviral treatments for influenza. It is compared most with oseltamivir (Tamiflu, Roche).
The drug has also been investigated as a candidate drug for treatment of hepatitis C.6
Side effects
Side effects in children include sensitization to the drug. No known overdose cases have been reported and allergic reactions are limited to people with hypersensitivity.
References
- ^ a b Leneva IA, Fediakina IT, Gus'kova TA, Glushkov RG (2005). "[Sensitivity of various influenza virus strains to arbidol. Influence of arbidol combination with different antiviral drugs on reproduction of influenza virus A" (in English (Russian translation)). Терапевтический архив (THERAPEUTIC ARCHIVE) (Moscow, Russia: ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО "МЕДИЦИНА") 77 (8): 84-88. PMID 16206613, http://arbidol.org/arbidol-2005-works-as-well.html. Retrieved on 22 February 2008.
- ^ Wang MZ, Cai BQ, Li LY, et al (2004). "[Efficacy and safety of arbidol in treatment of naturally acquired influenza]" (in Chinese). Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xaue Bao 26 (3): 289–93. PMID 15266832.
- ^ Boriskin YS, Pécheur EI, Polyak SJ (2006). "Arbidol: a broad-spectrum antiviral that inhibits acute and chronic HCV infection". Virol. J. 3: 56. doi:. PMID 16854226, http://www.virologyj.com/content/3//56.
- ^ Shi L, Xiong H, He J, et al (2007). "Antiviral activity of arbidol against influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus and adenovirus in vitro and in vivo". Arch. Virol. 152 (8): 1447–55. doi:. PMID 17497238.
- ^ Glushkov RG, Gus'kova TA, Krylova LIu, Nikolaeva IS (1999). "[Mechanisms of arbidole's immunomodulating action]" (in Russian). Vestn. Akad. Med. Nauk SSSR (3): 36–40. PMID 10222830.
- ^ Pécheur EI, Lavillette D, Alcaras F, et al (2007). "Biochemical mechanism of hepatitis C virus inhibition by the broad-spectrum antiviral arbidol". Biochemistry 46 (20): 6050–9. doi:. PMID 17455911.
External links
- "Мастерлек" Pharmaceuticals, Moscow, Russia. Patent number № 2033157, Registry number № 003610/01.
- (Russian) Arbidol
- English Translations for Arbidol clinical studies 1973–2007
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Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 24 October 2008, at 02:21.
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