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| August Krogh | |
 August Krogh
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| Born | November 15, 1874 |
|---|---|
| Died | September 13, 1949 |
| Nationality | Danish |
| Fields | zoophysiology |
| Institutions | University of Copenhagen |
| Known for | Krogh Principle |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |
Schack August Steenberg Krogh (November 15, 1874 – September 13, 1949) was a Danish professor with partly Romani background (Romani mother [1]) at the department of zoophysiology at the University of Copenhagen from 1916-1945. He contributed a number of fundamental discoveries within several fields of physiology, and is famous for developing the Krogh Principle.
In 1920 August Krogh was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the mechanism of regulation of the capillaries in skeletal muscle. Krogh was first to describe the adaptation of blood perfusion in muscle and other organs according to demands through opening and closing the arterioles and capillaries.
Krogh was a pioneer in comparative studies on animals. He wrote his thesis on the respiration through the skin and lungs in frogs: Respiratory Exchange of Animals, 1915. Later Krogh took on studies of water and electrolyte homeostasis of aquatic animals and he published the books: Osmotic Regulation (1939) and Comparative Physiology of Respiratory Mechanisms (1941). In addition Krogh contributed more than 200 research articles in international journals. He was a constructor of scientific instruments of which several had considerable practical importance, e.g. the spirometer and the apparatus for measuring basal metabolic rate.
Krogh brought insulin to Denmark shortly after its discovery in 1922 by Banting and Best in Toronto. Together with Hagedorn, Krogh made decisive contributions to establishing a Danish production of insulin by ethanol extraction of the hormone from the pancreatic glands of pigs.
Much of Krogh's work was carried out in collaboration with his wife, Marie Krogh (1874-1943), a renowned scientist in her own right.
In 1910 August Krogh founded the first laboratory for animal physiology (zoophysiology) at the University of Copenhagen. It was located in a small townhouse in central Copenhagen (at Ny Vestergade 11). The laboratory was considerably enlarged in 1928, when it moved to a new building at Juliane Maries Vej 28-32 called The Rockefeller Complex(it was financed by the Rockefeller Foundation). The building also gave place to the institutes of medical physiology and biophysics, and to the institute for the theory of gymnastics (exercise physiology). Today, the disciplines of animal physiology, exercise physiology, and some of the biochemical subdisciplines under the Faculty of Science are based at the August Krogh Institute, a building inaugurated in 1970.
Torkel Weis-Fogh, an eminent pioneer on the study of insect flight, was a student of August Krogh's.
(description partly taken from Copenhagen University)
References
- Larsen, Erik Hviid (Aug. 2007). "[August Krogh (1874-1949): 1920 Nobel Prize]". Ugeskr. Laeg. 169 (35): 2878. PMID 17877986.
- Zimmer, Heinz-Gerd (May. 2006). "August Krogh". Clinical cardiology 29 (5): 231–3. doi:. ISSN 0160-9289. PMID 16739398.
- Larsen, E H (Dec. 2001). "[August Krogh and the laboratory of animal physiology situated at Ny Vestergade 11]". Ugeskr. Laeg. 163 (51): 7240–8. ISSN 0041-5782. PMID 11797555.
- Kardel, T (Dec. 1999). "[About the seven little devils who changed physiology. August and Marie Krogh on pulmonary gas exchange]". Ugeskr. Laeg. 161 (51): 7112–6. ISSN 0041-5782. PMID 10647306.
- Schmidt-Nielsen, B (Aug. 1984). "August and Marie Krogh and respiratory physiology". Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology 57 (2): 293–303. ISSN 0161-7567. PMID 6381437.
- Krebs, H A (Oct. 1975). "The August Krogh Principle: "For many problems there is an animal on which it can be most conveniently studied"". J. Exp. Zool. 194 (1): 221–6. doi:. ISSN 0022-104X. PMID 811756.
- Poulsen, J E (1975). "The impact of August Krogh on the insulin treatment of diabetes and our present status". Acta Med. Scand. Suppl. 578: 7–14. ISSN 0365-463X. PMID 1098401.
- Dejours, P (1975). "August Krogh and the physiology of respiration". Scandinavian journal of respiratory diseases 56 (6): 337–46. ISSN 0036-5572. PMID 769148.
- Sulek, K (Oct. 1967). "[Nobel prize for August Krogh in 1920 for his discovery of regulative mechanism in the capillaries]". Wiad. Lek. 20 (19): 1829. ISSN 0043-5147. PMID 4870667.
- , (Feb. 1967). "August Krogh (1874-1949) the physiologist's physiologist". JAMA 199 (7): 496–7. doi:. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 5335475.
- KENEZ, J (Jan. 1965). "[The Capillaries And Krogh.]". Orvosi hetilap 106: 177–8. ISSN 0030-6002. PMID 14275297.
- REHBERG, P B (Nov. 1951). "August Krogh, November 15, 1874-September 13, 1949". The Yale journal of biology and medicine 24 (2): 83–102. ISSN 0044-0086. PMID 14901880.
- DRINKER, C K (Jul. 1950). "August Krogh: 1874-1949". Science 112 (2900): 105–7. doi:. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15442251.
- LILJESTRAND, G (Mar. 1950). "Krogh, August". Acta Physiol. Scand. 20 (2-3): 109–16. ISSN 0001-6772. PMID 15413515.
- "[Deaths of C. M. Wenyon, Clifford Dobell and A. Krogh.]" (Feb. 1950). C. R. Seances Soc. Biol. Fil. 144 (3-4): 160–1. ISSN 0037-9026. PMID 15420871.
See also
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