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| Black-headed Gull | ||||||||||||||
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 Winter plumage displaying the white head with black spots/streaks, St James's Park, England
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| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
| Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766) |
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Larus ridibundus |
The Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) is a small gull which breeds in much of Europe and Asia, and also in coastal eastern Canada. Most of the population is migratory, wintering further south, but some birds in the milder westernmost areas of Europe are resident. Some birds will also spend the winter in northestern North America, where it was formerly known as the Common Black-headed Gull. As is the case with many gulls, it has traditionally been placed in the genus Larus.
This gull is 38-44 cm (15-17½ in) long with a 94-105 cm (37-41 in) wingspan. It breeds in colonies in large reedbeds or marshes, or on islands in lakes, nesting on the ground. Like most gulls, it is highly gregarious in winter, both when feeding or in evening roosts. It is not a pelagic species, and is rarely seen at sea far from coasts.
The Black-headed Gull is a bold and opportunist feeder and will scavenge in towns or take invertebrates in ploughed fields with equal relish.
In flight, the white leading edge to the wing is a good field mark. The summer adult has a chocolate-brown head (not black, despite the name), pale grey body, black tips to the primary wing feathers, and red bill and legs. The hood is lost in winter, leaving just dark vertical streaks.
This species takes two years to reach maturity. First year birds have a black terminal tail band, more dark areas in the wings, and, in summer, a less fully developed dark hood.
This is a noisy species, especially at colonies, with a familiar "kree-ar" call. Its scientific name means "Laughing Gull".
The Black-headed Gull is the prefectural bird of Tokyo and the Yurikamome mass transit system is named after it.
Gallery
 Adult winter plumage in St James's Park, London |
 Two black-headed gulls in flight in winter |
 Juvenile plumage Black-headed Gull |
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 Black-headed gull gathering nesting material |
 In flight with bread |
 Ringed Larus ridibundus in flight |
 Black-headed gull flock |
 Black-headed gulls fighting |
 Black-headed gull |
 Resting |
 In flight |
 June 2008 |
 Mobbing a Herring Gull (bottom right) |
 In flight |
References
- BirdLife International (2004). Larus ridibundus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
- Harrison P. Seabirds of the World. Princeton University Press, Princeton (NJ), 1987 ISBN 0-691-01551-1
- Dunn JL, Alderfer J. National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America National Geographic Society 2006 ISBN 0792268776
- Pons J.M., Hassanin, A., and Crochet P.A.(2005). Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 37(3):686-699
External links
- Stamps (worldwide)
- Black-headed Gull videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- Black-headed Gull photo gallery VIREO
- Ageing and sexing (PDF) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 7 October 2008, at 06:01.
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