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CCK-4
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| ? | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | ? |
| PubChem | ? |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C29H35N5O7S |
| Mol. mass | 597.681 g/mol |
| SMILES | & |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 100% |
| Metabolism | plasma protease enzymes |
| Half life | 13 minutes |
| Excretion | N/A |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
? |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | IV |
Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4, Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) is a peptide fragment derived from the larger peptide hormone cholecystokinin. Unlike cholecystokin which has a variety of roles in the gastrointenstinal system as well as central nervous system effects, CCK-4 acts primarily in the brain as an anxiogenic, although it does retain some GI effects, but not as much as CCK-8 or the full length polypeptide CCK-58.
CCK-4 reliably causes severe anxiety symptoms when administered to humans in a dose of as little as 50μg,[1] and is commonly used in scientific research to induce panic attacks for the purpose of testing new anxiolytic drugs.[2][3][4][5] Since it is a peptide, CCK-4 must be administered by injection, and is rapidly broken down once inside the body so has only a short duration of action.[6]
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References
- ^ Daniela Eser et al. (2005). "Panic Induction with Cholecystokinin-Tetrapeptide (CCK-4) Increases Plasma Concentrations of the Neuroactive Steroid 3α, 5α Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (3α, 5α-THDOC) in Healthy Volunteers". Neuropsychopharmacology 30: 192–195.
- ^ Bradwejn J. (July 1993). "Neurobiological investigations into the role of cholecystokinin in panic disorder". Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 18 (4): 178-188. PMID 8104032.
- ^ Schunck T, Erb G, Mathis A, Gilles C, Namer IJ, Hode Y, Demaziere A, Luthringer R, Macher JP. (July 2006). "Functional magnetic resonance imaging characterization of CCK-4-induced panic attack and subsequent anticipatory anxiety". NeuroImage 31 (3): 1197-1208. PMID 16600640.
- ^ Eser D, Schüle C, Baghai T, Floesser A, Krebs-Brown A, Enunwa M, de la Motte S, Engel R, Kucher K, Rupprecht R. (July 2007). "Evaluation of the CCK-4 model as a challenge paradigm in a population of healthy volunteers within a proof-of-concept study". Psychopharmacology 192 (4): 479-487. PMID 17318504.
- ^ Eser D, Leicht G, Lutz J, Wenninger S, Kirsch V, Schüle C, Karch S, Baghai T, Pogarell O, Born C, Rupprecht R, Mulert C. (December 2007). "Functional neuroanatomy of CCK-4-induced panic attacks in healthy volunteers". Human Brain Mapping. PMID 18095276.
- ^ Koulischer D, Moroder L, Deschodt-Lanckman M (August 1982). "Degradation of cholecystokinin octapeptide, related fragments and analogs by human and rat plasma in vitro". Regulatory Peptides 4 (3): 127-139. PMID 6291099.
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 20 August 2008, at 15:25.
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