Ceftazidime

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Ceftazidime
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(6R,7R,Z)-7-(2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-
2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-
3-(pyridinium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]
oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
Identifiers
CAS number 72558-82-8
ATC code J01DD02
PubChem 91713
DrugBank APRD00857
Chemical data
Formula C22H22N6O7S2 
Mol. mass 546.58 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 91% (IM)
Metabolism negligible
Half life 1.6–2 hours
Excretion 90–96% renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

B1(AU) B(US)
Legal status

Prescription Only (S4)(AU)
Routes Intravenous, intramuscular

Ceftazidime (INN) (pronounced /sɛfˈtæzɨdiːm/, /kɛf-/) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections. Ceftazidime pentahydrate is marketed under various trade names including Fortum (GSK).

Clinical use

Main article: Cephalosporin

Ceftazidime is usually reserved for the treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is also used in the empirical therapy of febrile neutropenia, in combination with other antibiotics. The usual dose is 1–2 g IV/IM every 8–12 hours(2 - 3times), though this can vary by the indication, infection severity, and/or renal function of the recipient. It is also first line treatment for the rare tropical infection, melioidosis.[1]

Chemistry

In addition to the syn-configuration of the imino side chain, compared to other third-generation cephalosporins, the more complex moiety (containing two methyl and a carboxylic acid group) confers extra stability to β-lactamase enzymes produced by many Gram-negative bacteria. The extra stability to β-lactamases increases the activity of ceftazidime against otherwise resistant Gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The charged pyridinum moiety increases water-solubility.

v • d • e
Antibacterials for systemic use: cell wall disruption - beta-lactam antibiotics (J01C-J01D)
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
Combinations

References

  1. ^ White NJ (2003). "Melioidosis". Lancet 361: 1715–722. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13374-0. PMID 12767750. 

Wikipedia content modification information:

  • This page was last modified on 4 September 2008, at 15:18.

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