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The sac spiders of the family Clubionidae have a very confusing taxonomic history. Once this family was a large catch-all taxon for a large group of disparate collection of spiders, similar only in that they had eight legs arranged in two rows, conical anterior spinnerets that touched and were wandering predators that built silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark or under rocks. These are now recognized to include several families, some of which are more closely related to the three-clawed spiders, like lynx and wolf spiders, than to true "clubionoids."
Among the families formerly classified as sac spiders, some of which have common names including the words "sac spider", include:
- Anyphaenidae (anyphaenid sac spider)
- Tengellidae (tengellid spider)
- Zorocratidae (zorocratid spider)
- Miturgidae (long-legged sac spider)
- Corinnidae (corinnid sac spider)
- Liocranidae (liocranid sac spider)
as well as the remnant Clubionidae (now consisting of a little over 500 species in 15 genera worldwide). However "sac spider" used on its own should imply a member of the family Clubionidae.
In North America the family as it is now recognised consists of only two genera, Clubiona and Elaver (formerly Clubionoides). Clubiona is nearly worldwide in distribution.
Genera
- Abliguritor Petrunkevitch, 1942 † (fossil)
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- Abliguritor felix Petrunkevitch, 1958 †
- Abliguritor niger Petrunkevitch, 1942 †
- Abliguritor plumosus Petrunkevitch, 1942 †
- Carteroniella Strand, 1907 (South Africa)
- Carteronius Simon, 1897 (Madagascar, Mauritius, Sierra Leone)
- Clubiona Latreille, 1804 (America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, Oceania) (429 recent species)
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- Clubiona arcana Scudder † (fossil, oligocene)
- Clubionina Berland, 1947 (St. Paul Island)
- Concursator Petrunkevitch, 1958 † (fossil)
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- Concursator nudipes Petrunkevitch, 1958 †
- Cryptoplanus Petrunkevitch, 1958 &dagger (fossil)
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- Cryptoplanus paradoxus Petrunkevitch, 1958 †
- Dorymetaecus Rainbow, 1920 (Lord Howe Island)
- Elaver O. P-Cambridge, 1898 (America, Philippines)
- Eobumbatrix Petrunkevitch, 1922 † (fossil, oligocene)
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- Eobumbatrix latebrosa (Scudder, 1890) †
- Eodeter Petrunkevitch, 1958 † (fossil)
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- Eodeter magnificus Petrunkevitch, 1958 †
- Eomazax Petrunkevitch, 1958 † (fossil)
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- Eomazax pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1958 †
- Eostentatrix Petrunkevitch, 1922 † (fossil, oligocene)
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- Eostentatrix eversa Petrunkevitch, 1922 †
- Eoversatrix Petrunkevitch, 1922 † (fossil, oligocene)
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- Eoversatrix eversa (Scudder, 1890) †
- Machilla Petrunkevitch, 1958 † (fossil)
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- Machilla setosa Petrunkevitch, 1958 †
- Malamatidia Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 (Malaysia, Indonesia)
- Matidia Thorell, 1878 (South Asia, Oceania)
- Nusatidia Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 (South Asia)
- Pristidia Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 (South Asia)
- Pteroneta Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 (South Asia, Australia)
- Scopalio Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 (Borneo)
- Simalio Simon, 1897 (India, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Trinidad)
- Tixcocoba Gertsch, 1977 (Mexico)
See also
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Clubionidae |
- Platnick, N.I. 2003. World Spider Catalog 8.0
- Family Anyphaenidae Sac spiders, ghost spiders
- Australian sac spiders, family Clubionidae, Gnaphosidae, Miturgidae, Corinnidae
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 1 December 2008, at 19:00.
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