Coenzyme A

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Coenzyme A
Identifiers
CAS number [85-61-0]
PubChem 317
MeSH Coenzyme+A
SMILES
 
Properties
Molecular formula C21H36N7O16P3S
Molar mass 767.535
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Coenzyme A (CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. It is adapted from cysteamine, pantothenate, and adenosine triphosphate.

Contents

Biosynthesis

Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process from pantothenate:

  1. Pantothenate is phosphorylated to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase
  2. A cysteine is added to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase to form 4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine (PPC)
  3. PPC is decarboxylated to 4'-phosphopantetheine by phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase
  4. 4'-phosphopantetheine is adenylylated to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl transerase
  5. Finally, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated using ATP to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase.

Function

Since coenzyme A is chemically a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA. When it is not attached to an acyl group it is usually referred to as 'CoASH' or 'HSCoA'.

List of coenzyme A activated acyl groups

Additional images

Coenzyme A

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
v • d • e
Enzyme cofactors
Coenzymes
vitamins: NAD+ (B3) | NADP+ (B3) | Coenzyme A (B5) | THF / H4F (B9), DHF, MTHF | Ascorbic acid (C) | Menaquinone (K) | Coenzyme F420
non-vitamins: ATP | CTP | SAM | PAPS | GSH | Coenzyme B | Coenzyme M | Coenzyme Q | Methanofuran | BH4 | H4MPT
Organic prosthetic groups
vitamins: TPP / ThDP (B1) | FMN, FAD (B2) | PLP / P5P (B6) | Biotin (B7) | Methylcobalamin, Cobamamide (B12)
non-vitamins: Haem / Heme | Lipoic acid | Molybdopterin | PQQ
Metal prosthetic groups
Major families of biochemicals
Saccharides | Carbohydrates | Glycosides | | Amino acids | Peptides | Proteins | Glycoproteins | | Lipids | Terpenes | Steroids | Carotenoids
Alkaloids | Nucleobases | Nucleic acids | | Enzyme cofactors | Flavonoids | Polyketides | Tetrapyrroles

External links

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Wikipedia content modification information:

  • This page was last modified on 9 October 2008, at 20:49.

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