Colostrum

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Beestings redirects here: or you may have wanted bee sting or beasting.
Not to be confused with claustrum.

Colostrum (also known as beestings or first milk or "immune milk") is a form of milk produced by the mammary glands of mammals in late pregnancy and the few days after giving birth.

Colostrum is high in carbohydrates, protein, and antibodies and low in fat (as human newborns may find fat difficult to digest). Newborns have very small digestive systems, and colostrum delivers its nutrients in a very concentrated low-volume form. Colostrum contains all five immunoglobulins found in all mammals, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM. There are many beneficial proteins in the colostrum, including a variety of growth factors (IGfs).

There is now mounting scientific evidence suggesting that human consumption of bovine (cow) colostrum is beneficial to general health. Proponents of the use of bovine colostrum by humans as a dietary supplement or as Medical food [1] suggest that bovine colostrum raises both general immunity and physical strength. The main findings of the applicability of Colostrum for human health relate to the use of Hyper Immunized colostrum against specific diseases. Hyper Immunized colostrum refers to the use of colostrum from cows immunized by approved vaccines (while pregnant) against specific antigens. The cow develops an immune response which manifests itself in the form of antibodies against the specific antigens in the colostrum, to protect its calf. Numerous placebo controlled, double blind trials have been successfully completed using such hyperimmune colostrum preparations directed against a variety of enteric agents. They have been performed in the USA, Sweden, Australia, Hong Kong, and other parts of the world - both challenge and field trials, with statistically protective results against enteric organisms such as Shigella, E. coli and rotavirus being commonly noted. [3]</ref>[2]


[3] [4]

[5] [6] [7] [8] [9]

[10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]

[21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51]

Some biotechnology companies are now commercializing hyper immunized colostrum against specific targets. A few examples are IBD and IBS, Rotavirus [52], cancer related Mucositis [53]and Influenza [54][55] [56].

External links


References

  1. ^ http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ds-medfd.html
  2. ^ Mitra AK, Mahalanabis D, Ashraf H, Unicomb L, Eeckels R, Tzipori S. Hyperimmune cow colostrum reduces diarrhoea due to rotavirus: a double-blind, controlled clinical trial, Acta Paediatr. 1995 Sep;84(9):996-1001[1]
  3. ^ Anderson KN, Anderson LB and Glanze WD, eds (1998) Mosby’s medical, nursing, and allied health dictionary, 5th ed. Mosby, St Louis, Baltimore, New York, London.
  4. ^ Brussow H, Hilpert H, Walther I, et al (1987) Bovine milk immunoglobulins for passive immunity to infantile rotavirus gastroenteritis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 25:982-6.
  5. ^ Brunser O, Espinoza J, Figueroa G et al (1992) Field trial of an infant formula containing anti-rotavirus and anti-Escherichia coli milk antibodies from hyperimmunized cows. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 15:63-72.
  6. ^ Bustos Fernandez L, Averbach J, Ledesma de Paolo MJ, et al (1973) Lyophilized bovine colostrum in the treatment of prolonged infantile diarrhea. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 26(4): 383-4.
  7. ^ Casswall TH, Sarker SA, Albert MJ, et al (1998) Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in infants in rural Bangladesh with oral immunoglobulins from hyperimmune bovine colostrum. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 12: 563-8.
  8. ^ Crabb. JR (1998) Antibody-based immunotherapy of cryptosporidiosis. Advances in Parasitology 40:121-49.
  9. ^ Davidson GP, Whyte PBD, Daniels F, et al (1989) Passive immunization of children with bovine colostrum containing antirotavirus antibodies to human rotavirus. Lancet 2:709-
  10. ^ Davidson GP (1996) Passive protection against diarrheal disease. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 23: 207-212.
  11. ^ Ebina T, Ohta M, Kanamaru Y, Yamamoto Osumi Y and Baba K (1992) Passive immunization of suckling mice and infants with bovine colostrum containing antibodies to human rotavirus. Journal of Medical Virology 38:117-23.
  12. ^ Freedman DJ, Tacket CO, Delehanty A, Maneval DR, Nataro J and Crabb JH (1998) Milk immunoglobulin with specific activity against purified colonisation factor antigens can protect against oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J. Infect. Dis. 177: 662-667.
  13. ^ Greenberg PD and Cello JP (1996) Treatment of severe diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum with oral bovine immunoglobulin concentrate in patients with AIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Human Retrovirology 13:348-54.
  14. ^ Hilpert H, Brussow H, Mietens C, et al (1987) Use of bovine milk concentrate containing antibody to rotavirus to treat rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants. Journal of Infectious Disease 156:158-66.
  15. ^ Huppertz H-I, Rutkowski S, Busch DH, et al (1999) Bovine colostrum ameliorates diarrhea in infection with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, shiga toxin-producing E. coIi, and E. coli expressing intimin and hemolysin. Journal of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition 29:452-6.
  16. ^ Husu J, Syvaoja EL, Ahola Luttila H, et al (1993) Production of hyperirnmune bovine colostrum against Campylobacter jejuni. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 74:564-9.
  17. ^ Korhonen H, Marnila P and Gill HS (2000) Bovine milk antibodies for health. Br. J. Nutr. 84 (Suppl.1): S135-S146.
  18. ^ Lilius E-M and Marnila P (2001) The role of colostral antibodies in prevention of microbial infections. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 14: 295-300.
  19. ^ Lissner R, Schimdt H and Karch H (1996) A standard immunoglobulin preparation produced from bovine colostra shows antibody reactivity and neutralization activity against shiga-like toxins and EHEC hemolysin of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Infection 24:378-82.
  20. ^ Lissner R, Thurmann PA, Merz G and Karch, H (1998) Antibody reactivity and fecal recovery of bovine immunoglobulins following oral administration of a colostrum concentrate from cows (Lactobin) to healthy volunteers. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 36(5): 239-45.
  21. ^ Lyerly DM, Bostwick EF, Binion SB and Wilkens TD (1991) Passive immunization of hamsters against disease caused by Clostridium difficile by use of bovine immunoglobulin G concentrate. Infection and Immunity 59:22 15-8.
  22. ^ McClead RE and Gregory SA (1984) Resistance of bovine colostral anti-cholera toxin antibody to in vitro and in vivo proteolysis. Infections and Immunity 44:474-8.
  23. ^ McClead RE, Butler T and Rabbani GH (1988) Orally administered bovine colostral anti-cholera toxin antibodies: Results of two clinical trials. American Journal of Medicine 85:811-6.
  24. ^ Mitra AK, Mahalanabis D, Ashraf H, et al (1995) Hyperimmune cow colostrum reduces diarrhea due to rotavirus: a double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Acta Paediatrics 84:996-1001.
  25. ^ Nord J, Pearl M, DiJohn D, Tzipori S and Tackett CO (1990) Treatment with bovine hyperimmune colostrum of cryptosporidial diarrhea in AIDS patients. AIDS 4:581-4.
  26. ^ Offit PA and Clark HF (1985) Protection against rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis in a murine model by passively acquired gastrointestinal, but not circulating, antibodies. Journal of Virology 54:58-64.
  27. ^ Opekun AR, El-Zaimaity HMT, Osato MS, et al (1999) Novel therapies for Helicobacter pylon infection. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 13:35-41.
  28. ^ Perrin G, Polack B, Gueraud JM and Petat M (1988) Haemolyiic anaemia in kids fed cow colostrum. Point Veteninaire 20(1 16): 75-6.
  29. ^ Petersen WE and Campbell B (1955) Use of protective principles in milk and colostrum in prevention of disease in man and animals. Lancet 75:494 - 496.
  30. ^ Petschow BW and Talbott RD (1994) Reduction on virus-neutralizing activity of a bovine colostrum immunoglobulin concentrate by gastric acid and digestive enzymes. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 19: 228-35.
  31. ^ Playford RJ, Macdonald CE and Johnson WS (2000) Review. Colostrum and milk-derived peptide growth factors for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72(1): 5-14.
  32. ^ Plettenberg A, Stoehr A, Stellbrink H-J, Albrecht H and Meigel, W (1993) A preparation from bovine colostrum in the treatment of HIV-positive patients with chronic diarrhea. Clinical Investigation 71:42-5.
  33. ^ Rona ZP (1998) Bovine colostrum emerges as immunity modulator. Amer. J. Natural Medicine. (Accessed at www.carttonic.com/files/file_download.php?fi_id=703)
  34. ^ Rump JA, Arndt R, Arnold A, et al (1992) Treatment of diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with immunoglobulins from bovine colostrum. Clinical Investigation 70:588-94.
  35. ^ Sarker SA, Casswall TH, Mahalanabis D, et al (1998) Successful treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in children with immunoglobulin from immunized bovine colostrum. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 17(12): 1149-54.
  36. ^ Steijns JM (2001) Milk ingredients as nutraceuticals. Int. J. Dairy Tech. 54: 81-88.
  37. ^ Stephan W, Dichtelmuller H and Lissner R (1990) Antibodies from colostrum in oral immunotherapy. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry 28:19-23.
  38. ^ Struff WG and Sprotte G (2007) Bovine colostrum as a biologic in clinical medicine: a review. Part I: Biotechnological standards, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics and principles of treatment. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 45(4): 193-202.
  39. ^ Tacket CO, Losonsky G, Link H, et al (1988) Protection by milk immunoglobulin concentrate against oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. New England Journal of Medicine, May 12, pp. 1240-3.
  40. ^ Tacket CO, Binion SB, Bostwick E, et al (1992) Efficacy of bovine milk immunoglobulin concentrate in preventing illness after Shigellafiexneri challenge. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 47(3): 276-283.
  41. ^ Tacket CO, Losonsky G, Livio S. et al (1999) Lack of prophylactic efficacy of an enteric coated bovine hyperimmune milk product against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil challenge administered during a standard meal. Journal of Infectious Disease 180: 2056-9.
  42. ^ Tawfeek HI, Najim NH and Al-Mashikhi S (2003) Efficacy of an infant formula containing anti- Escherichia coli colostral antibodies from hyperimmunized cows in preventing diarrhea in infants and children: a field trial. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 7: 120-128.
  43. ^ Turner RB and Kelsey DK (1993) Passive immunization for prevention of rotavirus illness in healthy infants. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 12:718-22.
  44. ^ Tzipori S, Roberton D and Chapman C (1986) Remission of diarrhea due to cryptosporidiosis in an immunodeficient child treated with hyperimmune bovine colostrum. British Medical Journal 293(6557): 1276-7.
  45. ^ Ungar BLP, Ward DJ, Fayer R and Quinn CA (1990) Cessation of Cryptosporidium associated diarrhea in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient after treatment with hyperimmune bovine colostrum. Gastroenterology 98:486-9.
  46. ^ Uruakpa FO, Ismond MAH and Akobundu ENT (2002) Colostrum and its benefits: a review. Nutrition Research 22: 755-767.
  47. ^ Van Hooijdonk ACM, Kussendrager KD and Steijns JM (2000) In vivo antimicrobial and antiviral activity of components in bovine milk and colostrum involved in non-specific defence. Brit. J. Nutr. 84 (Suppl. 1): S127-S134.
  48. ^ Warny M, Fatimi A, Bostwick EF, et al (1999) Bovine immunoglobulin concentrate-Clostridiurn diJjicile retains C. difficile toxin-neutralizing activity after passage through the human stomach and small intestine. Gut 44:212-7.
  49. ^ Weiner C, Pan Q, Hurtig M, Boren T, Bostwick E and Hammarstrom L (1999) Passive immunity against human pathogens using bovine antibodies. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 116:193-205.
  50. ^ Ylitalo S, Uhari M, Rasi S, Pudas J and Leppaluoto J (1998) Rotaviral antibodies in the treatment of acute rotaviral gastroenteritis. Acta Paediatrics 87:264-7.
  51. ^ Zeitlin L, Cone RA, Moench TR and Whaley KJ (2000) Preventing infectious disease with passive immunization. Microbes and Infection 2: 701-708.
  52. ^ http://www.australianexporters.net/companyID4822.htm
  53. ^ http://www.news-medical.net/?id=41134
  54. ^ http://www.prweb.com/releases/anadis/influenza/prweb1235744.htm
  55. ^ Anadis - Research & Product Development
  56. ^ Flubody [2]

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  • This page was last modified on 29 September 2008, at 16:16.

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