| Places of articulation |
|---|
|
• Labial |
| Bilabial |
| Labial-velar |
| Labial-alveolar |
| Labiodental |
| Dentolabial |
|
• Bidental |
|
• Coronal |
| Linguolabial |
| Interdental |
| Dental |
| Denti-alveolar |
| Alveolar |
| Apical |
| Laminal |
| Subapical |
| Postalveolar |
| Alveolo-palatal |
| Retroflex |
|
• Dorsal |
| Palatal |
| Labial-palatal |
| Velar |
| Uvular |
| Uvular-epiglottal |
|
• Radical |
| Pharyngeal |
| Epiglotto-pharyngeal |
| Epiglottal |
|
• Glottal |
|
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|
|
Coronal consonants are articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue. Only the coronal consonants can be divided into apical (using the tip of the tongue), laminal (using the blade of the tongue), domed (with the tongue bunched up), or subapical (using the underside of the tongue), as well as a few rarer orientations, because only the front of the tongue has such dexterity. Coronals also have another dimension, grooved, that is used to make sibilants in combination with the orientations above.
Coronal places of articulation include the dental consonants at the upper teeth, the alveolar consonants at the upper gum (the alveolar ridge), the various postalveolar consonants (domed palato-alveolar, laminal alveolo-palatal, and apical retroflex) just behind that, and the true retroflex consonants curled back against the hard palate.
(The list below is missing linguolabial, alveolo-palatal and retroflex consonants)
| IPA Symbol |
Name of the consonant | Example | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|
| Voiced alveolar fricative | zoo | ||
| Voiceless alveolar fricative | sea | ||
| Voiced dental fricative | that | ||
| Voiceless dental fricative | thud | ||
| Voiced postalveolar fricative | vision | ||
| Voiceless postalveolar fricative | she | ||
| Alveolar nasal | name | ||
| Voiced alveolar plosive | day | ||
| Voiceless alveolar plosive | tea | ||
| Alveolar approximant | reef | ||
| Lateral alveolar approximant | lift | ||
| Alveolar trill | Spanish perro | ||
| Alveolar tap | Spanish pero |
See also
- Apical consonant
- Laminal consonant
- Subapical consonant
- Place of articulation
- List of phonetics topics
References
- Ladefoged, Peter; Ian Maddieson (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8 [Amazon-US | Amazon-UK].
Open source encyclopedia content modification information:
This page was last modified on 25 January 2010 at 16:44.
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