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| Rat cytochrome b5 bound to heme | |
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Cytochrome b5
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | CYB5A |
| Alt. Symbols | CYB5 |
| Entrez | 1528 |
| HUGO | 2570 |
| OMIM | 250790 |
| PDB | 1JEX |
| RefSeq | NM_001914 |
| UniProt | P00167 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 18 q23 |
Cytochromes b5 are ubiquitous electron transport hemoproteins found in animals, plants, fungi and purple phototrophic bacteria. The microsomal and mitochondrial variants are membrane-bound, while bacterial and those from erythrocytes and other animal tissues are water-soluble. The family of cytochrome b5-like proteins includes (besides cytochrome b5 itself) hemoprotein domains covalently associated with other redox domains in flavocytochrome cytochrome b2 (L-lactate dehydrogenase; EC 1.1.2.3), sulfite oxidase (EC 1.8.3.1), plant and fungal nitrate reductases (EC 1.7.1.1, EC 1.7.1.2, EC 1.7.1.3), and plant and fungal cytochrome b5/acyl lipid desaturase fusion proteins.
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Structure
3-D structures of a number of cytochrome b5 and yeast flavocytochrome b2 are known. The fold belongs to the α+β class, with two hydrophobic cores on each side of a β-sheet. The larger hydrophobic core constitutes the heme-binding pocket, closed off on each side by a pair of helices connected by a turn. The smaller hydrophobic core may have only a structural role and is formed by spatially close N-terminal and C-terminal segments. The two histidine residues provide the fifth and sixth heme ligands, and the propionate edge of the heme group lies at the opening of the heme crevice. Two isomers of cytochrome b5, referred to as the A (major) and B (minor) forms, differ by a 180° rotation of the heme about an axis defined by the α- and γ-meso carbons.
Cytochrome b5 in some biochemical reactions
EC 1.6.2.2 cytochrome-b5 reductase
- NADH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b5 = NAD+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b5
EC 1.10.2.1 L-ascorbate—cytochrome-b5 reductase
- L-ascorbate + ferricytochrome b5 = monodehydroascorbate + ferrocytochrome b5
EC 1.14.18.2 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase
- CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + H2O
EC 1.14.19.1 stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase
- stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + H2O
EC 1.14.19.3 linoleoyl-CoA 9-desaturase
- linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = γ-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + H2O
See also
References
- Lederer, F. (1994). "The cytochrome b5-fold: an adaptable module". Biochimie 76: 674–692. PMID 7893819.
- Napier, J.A., Michaelson, L.V. and Sayanova, O. (2003). "The role of cytochrome b5 fusion desaturases in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids". Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 68: 135–143. PMID 12538077.
- Rivera, M., Barillas-Mury, C., Christensen, K.A., Little, J.W., Wells, M.A. and Walker, F.A. (1992). "Gene synthesis, bacterial expression, and 1H NMR spectroscopic studies of the rat outer mitochondrial membrane cytochrome b5". Biochemistry 31: 12233–12240. PMID 1333795.
- Schenkman, J.B. and Jansson, I. (2003). "The many roles of cytochrome b5". Pharmacol. Ther. 97: 139–152. PMID 12559387.
External links
- PDB 1B5A - Solution structure of rat cytochrome b5 (form A)
- PDB 1B5B - Solution structure of rat cytochrome b5 (form B)
- PDB 1CXY - X-ray structure of cytochrome b558 from Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata
- PDOC00170 - Cytochrome b5 family, heme-binding domain in PROSITE
- IPR001199 - InterPro entry for cytochrome b5
- Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 250790 - Methemoglobinemia due to deficiency of cytochrome b5
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 28 May 2008, at 17:49.
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