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A diplomatic bag, also known as a diplomatic pouch, is an envelope, parcel, shipping container or any other kind of receptacle used by diplomatic missions. As long as it is externally marked to show its status, the bag has diplomatic immunity from search or seizure,1 as codified in article 27 of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.2 It may only contain articles intended for official use.2 It need not be a bag. In fact, no size limit is specified by the convention. It is often escorted by a diplomatic courier, who is similarly immune from arrest and detention.12
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Cryptography
In discussions of cryptography, the diplomatic bag is conventionally used as an example of the ultimate secure channel used to exchange keys, codebooks and other necessarily secret materials. Like Alice and Bob, it is an example of a metasyntactic variable when used this way.
In actual practice, diplomatic bags are indeed used for exactly this purpose. An illustration is the strenuous protest made by German diplomats in Poland in the late 1920s when a cypher machine being shipped to the German Warsaw Embassy — a commercial version of the famous Enigma machine — was mistakenly not marked as protected baggage and was opened, under protest, by Polish Customs. It was released to them, supposedly without much apology (and with still more protest), on the following Monday, but had been thoroughly inspected by Polish cryptography personnel over the weekend.citation needed
Violations
Some countries with corrupt governments have allegedly used diplomatic immunity to smuggle drugs, which was mentioned by English journalist Tony Thompson in his book Gangs: A journey into the heart of the British underworld. In 1964, an Israeli diplomatic agent was drugged, bound, and placed in a diplomatic bag at the Egyptian Embassy in Rome, but was rescued by the Italians.3 In the 1984 Dikko Affair, a former Nigerian government minister was kidnapped and similarly treated, in an attempt to transport him from the United Kingdom back to Nigeria for trial.3 Fortunately, the bag was not marked as such, which allowed British customs to open it.3 Zimbabwe created an international incident in March 2000, when it opened a British diplomatic shipment.1
On a less serious note, during World War II, Winston Churchill reportedly received shipments of Cuban cigars by this means.1
In popular culture
In the film The Peacemaker, a diplomat who is also a terrorist smuggles a nuclear bomb into the United States using a diplomatic bag. The bag is never searched at customs or through aircraft luggage screening, due to its diplomatic immunity.
In the last Cold War James Bond film, The Living Daylights, the villain, rogue Soviet general Georgi Koskov is eventually captured by his Red Army superior, General Pushkin, who signals Koskov's death knell by wryly telling his own guards, "Put him on the next plane back to Moscow – in the diplomatic bag."
See also
References
- ^ a b c d "Diplomatic bag: The inside story". BBC News (March 10, 2000). Retrieved on 2008-10-05.
- ^ a b c "Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961" (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved on 2008-10-05., p. 8
- ^ a b c Javaid Rehman. "Islamic State Practices, International Law and the Threat from Terrorism". Hart Publishing. Retrieved on 2008-10-05.
External links
- eDiplomat.com: Glossary of Diplomatic Terms
- Is there such a thing as a diplomatic pouch? — Straight Dope article with extensive detailed references.
- Photograph of a French diplomatic bag
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 13 December 2008, at 16:13.
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