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glycogen synthase 1 (muscle)
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | GYS1 |
| Alt. Symbols | GYS |
| Entrez | 2997 |
| HUGO | 4706 |
| OMIM | 138570 |
| RefSeq | NM_002103 |
| UniProt | P13807 |
| Other data | |
| EC number | 2.4.1.11 |
| Locus | Chr. 19 q13.3 |
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glycogen synthase 2 (liver)
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | GYS2 |
| Entrez | 2998 |
| HUGO | 4707 |
| OMIM | 138571 |
| RefSeq | NM_021957 |
| UniProt | P54840 |
| Other data | |
| EC number | 2.4.1.11 |
| Locus | Chr. 12 p12.2-11.2 |
Glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase') is a glycosyltransferase enzyme (EC number 2.4.1) that catalyses the reaction of UDP-glucose and (1,4-α-D-glucosyl)n to yield UDP and (1,4-α-D-glucosyl)n+1.
In other words, this enzyme converts excess glucose residues one by one into a polymeric chain for storage as glycogen. Its presence in the bloodstream is highest in the 30 to 60 minutes following intense exercise. It is a key enzyme in glycogenesis.
Regulation
The reaction is highly regulated by allosteric effectors such as glucose-6-phosphate, by phosphorylation reactions, and indirectly triggered by the hormone insulin, which is secreted by the pancreas. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase decreases its activity.
Pathology
A deficiency is associated with glycogen storage disease type 0.
References
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer Education (October 9, 1997). "Glycogen synthetase". Retrieved on 2007-11-05.
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Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 3 October 2008, at 15:41.
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