Haplogroup CT (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup CT

Yhaplotree.JPG
Time of origin 68,500 years BP[1]
Place of origin East Africa[2]
Ancestor BT
Descendants CF and DE
Defining mutations P9.1, M168 and M294

In human genetics, Haplogroup CT is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, defining one of the major lines of common ancestry of humanity along father-to-son male lines.

Men within this haplogroup have Y chromosomes with the SNP mutation M168, along with P9.1 and M294. These mutations are present in all modern human male lines except A and B which are both found almost entirely in Africa. No male in haplogroup CT* has yet been discovered.

The most recent common male line ancestor (MRCA) of all CT men today probably pre-dated the "Out of Africa" migration of anatomically modern humans, a migration in which some of his descendants participated. He is therefore thought to have lived in Africa before this proposed migration.[1][2][3]

In imitation of the concept of the more well-known "Y Chromosome Adam" (the most recent common male line ancestor (MRCA) of all living men) CT-M168 has been referred to in popularized accounts as being descended from a "Eurasian Adam".

All known surviving descendant lineages of CT are in one of two major sub-clades, CF and DE. Both these appear to have arisen only a few thousand years after the original common ancestor of CT. In turn, DE is divided into an East Asian haplogroup D and an African haplogroup E, while CF is divided into an East Asian, American, and Oceanian haplogroup C and a ubiquitous haplogroup F, which dominates most non-African populations.[1]

Haplogroup CT is therefore the common ancestral male lineage of most men alive today, including most Africans, among whom haplogroup E is predominant, and most non-Africans, among whom haplogroup F is predominant.

Subclades

References

  1. ^ a b c Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research 18: 830–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/abstract/gr.7172008v1. 
  2. ^ a b Stone, Linda (2007). "Voyages, Prehistoric Human Expansions". Genes, Culture, and Human Evolution. p. 187. ISBN 1405150890 [Amazon-US | Amazon-UK]. http://books.google.com/books?id=zdeWdF_NQhEC&printsec=frontcover#PPA187,M1. 
  3. ^ Underhill and Kivisild (2007), "Use of Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Population Structure in Tracing Human Migrations", Annu. Rev. Genet. 41: 539–64, doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.41.110306.130407 


Human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups (by ethnic groups · famous haplotypes)
most recent common Y-ancestor
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A BT
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B CT
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CF DE
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C F D E
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G H IJK
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IJ K
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I J L MNOPS T
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M NO P S
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N O Q R

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This page was last modified on 11 March 2010 at 22:30.

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