Haplogroup HV (mtDNA)

Haplogroup HV
Time of origin 25000-30000 YBP
Place of origin Near East or Caucasus[1]
Ancestor R0
Descendants HV0, HV1, HV2, HV3, HV4, HV5, H
Defining mutations 14766[2]

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup HV is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Contents

Origin

Haplogroup HV derives from the Haplogroup R0 (which in turn derives from haplogroup R). HV is also the ancestral haplogroup to Haplogroup H and Haplogroup V.

Distribution

Haplogroup HV is a west Eurasian haplogroup found throughout the Middle East, including Iran, Anatolia (present-day Turkey) and the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia and the republic of Georgia. It is also found in parts of East Africa, mainly in the the Sudanese Arabs [3] who also have a very high frequency of y-chromosome haplogroup J[4] .

Much earlier, around 30,000 years ago, some members of HV moved north across the Caucasus Mountains and west across Anatolia, their lineages being carried into Europe for the first time by the Cro-Magnon. Their arrival in Europe heralded the end of the era of the Neandertals, a hominid species that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia from about 230,000 to 29,000 years ago. Better communication skills, weapons, and resourcefulness probably enabled them to outcompete Neandertals for scarce resources. Importantly, some descendants of HV had already broken off and formed their own group, haplogroup H, and continued the push into Western Europe.

A 2003 study was published reporting on the mtDNA sequencing of the bones of two 24,000-year-old anatomically modern humans of the Cro-Magnon type from Southern Italy. The study showed one was of either haplogroup HV or R0.[1]

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup HV subclades is based on the paper by van Oven 2009[2] and Malyarchuk et al. 2008[1].


  • HV
    • HV0 or pre-V
      • preV*1 (195)
        • HV0b
        • HV0c
      • preV*2 or HV0a
    • HV1
      • HV1a
        • HV1a1
          • HV1a1a
        • HV1a2
      • HV1b
        • HV1b1
        • HV1b2
      • HV1c
    • HV2
      • HV2a
    • HV3 (16311)[5]
      • HV3a or HV9
      • HV3b or HV6
        • HV3b1 or HV6a
      • HV3c or HV7
      • HV3d or HV8
    • HV4
      • HV4a
    • HV5
    • H

References

  1. ^ a b B. Malyarchuk et al 2008, Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny in Eastern and Western Slavs MBE Advance Access published May 13, 2008
  2. ^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386-E394. PMID 18853457 doi:10.1002/humu.20921. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0. Retrieved 2009-05-20. 
  3. ^ http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/1875-1768/PIIS1875176808001613.pdf
  4. ^ http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120750145/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0
  5. ^ Haplogroup HV Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site 2009

See also

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups
  Mitochondrial Eve (L)    
L0 L1 L2 L3   L4 L5 L6
  M N  
CZ D E G Q   A S   R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT P  U
HV JT K
H V J T Former Clusters IWX

External links


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This page was last modified on 3 February 2010 at 23:07.

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