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 Male Hercules beetle, Dynastes hercules. The green beetle in the background is a flower beetle, Eudicella gralli
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| Dynastes hercules Linnaeus, 1758 |
The Hercules beetle (Dynastes hercules) is the most famous of the rhinoceros beetles. Native to the rain forests of Central and South America, they also can be found in coastal regions of North Carolina, their title is well deserved, with some (exceptionally rare) males reaching 6.75 inches (170 mm) in length. It is the largest of the 6 species in the Dynastes genus, and one of the largest beetles known, being exceeded in length by only two other beetles in the family Cerambycidae, Macrodontia cervicornis (specimens of 170-175 mm are known) and Titanus giganteus (several 180+ mm specimens are known to exist). However, if the horns are excluded, this species drops considerably farther down in the size rankings. One reason for this is that the development of the horns is allometric, as well as sexually dimorphic, and thus not strictly correlated to actual body size; it is possible for a female to be much longer, measured from eyes to abdomen, than a male, yet be considered "smaller" simply due to the absence of horns.
This scarab beetle is most noted for its thoracic and cephalic horns, which can grow longer than the body of the beetle itself. This adaptation is primarily used during fights with other males. Features of this species are the numerous small black spots on the elytra and the thick hairs on the underside of the thoracic horn. The Hercules beetle is said to be the strongest creature on earth for its size, able to carry 850 times its own body weight.
As noted above, Hercules beetles are highly sexually dimorphic, with the females generally being larger-bodied but much shorter, as they lack horns entirely. The larval stage of the Hercules beetle will last one to two years, with the larva growing up to 4.5 inches (110 mm) in length and weighing up to 120 grams. Much of the life of the larva is spent tunneling through its primary food source of rotting wood. After the larval period, transformation into a pupa and then molting will occur, the beetle then emerging as an adult. Adults will roam the forest floor in search of decaying fruit.
List of subspecies
- Dynastes hercules baudrii Pinchon, 1976
- Origin: Martinique
- Male size: 50~100 mm - Female: 45~55 mm.
- Dynastes hercules bleuzeni Silvestre and Dechambre, 1995
- Origin: Venezuela
- Male size: 55~155 mm - Female: 45~75 mm.
- Dynastes hercules ecuatorianus Ohaus, 1913
- Origin: Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Brazil
- Male size: 55~165 mm - Female: 50~80 mm.
- Dynastes hercules hercules Linnaeus, 1753.
- Origin: French Guadeloupe, Dominica
- Male size: 45~178 (max : 220 mm?) - Female: 50~80mm.
- Dynastes hercules lichyi Lachaume, 1985
- Origin: Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil
- Male size: 55~170 mm - Female: 50~80 mm.
- Dynastes hercules morishimai Nagai, 2002
- Origin: Bolivia
- Male size: 55~140 mm - Female: 50~75 mm.
- Dynastes hercules occidentalis Lachaume, 1985
- Origin: Colombia, Ecuador, Panama
- Male size: 55~145 mm - Female: 50~80 mm.
- Dynastes hercules paschoali Grossi and Arnaud, 1993
- Origin: Brazil
- Male size: 55~140 mm - Female: 50~70 mm.
- Dynastes hercules reidi Chalumeau, 1977
- Origin: St. Lucia
- Male size: 50~110 mm - Female: 50~65 mm.
- Dynastes hercules septentrionalis Lachaume, 1985
- Origin: Mexico, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
- Male size: 55~150 mm - Female: 50~75 mm.
- Dynastes hercules takakuwai Nagai, 2002
- Origin: Brazil
- Male size: 55~140 mm - Female: 50~75 mm. plus...
- Dynastes hercules trinidadensis Chalumeau and Reid, 1995
- Origin: Trinidad, Tobago
- Male size: 55~140 mm - Female: 50~75 mm.
- Dynastes hercules tuxtlaensis Moron, 1993
- Origin: Mexico
- Male size: 55~110 mm - Female: 50~65 mm.
Further reading
- Hercules
- Catálogo electrónico de los organismos presentes en Colombia (Spanish)
- Mystery behind the strongest creature in the world Institute of Physics 2008-03-11
External links
- Family Scarabaeidae - Dynastes hercules
- The Breeding/Rearing of Dynastes hercules hercules
- Photos of Dynastes hercules hercules
- Photos of Dynastes hercules lichyi
- Photos of Dynastes hercules occidentalis
- http://entweb.clemson.edu/museum/beetles/exotic/btle26.htm
- Rhinoceros beetle gallery with many subspecies of Hercules beetle.
- Hercules Beetle Website all about the Hercules Beetle.
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 11 September 2008, at 20:25.
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