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High-functioning autism (HFA) is an informal term applied to autistic individuals who are in some sense able.[1] One definition is that individuals with HFA have an IQ above some cutoff value such as 85.[2] There is no consensus as to the definition, and the extent of the overlap between HFA and Asperger syndrome is unclear.[3]
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Classification
High-functioning autism is not a recognized diagnosis in the DSM-IV-TR or the ICD-10.
Characteristics
People with high-functioning autism are not mentally retarded; they have an average or above-average IQ. Although they typically have adequate vocabulary, their comprehension is generally behind neurotypical peers. Typically they use less emotional content in speech and are less able to interpret non-verbal cues, such as when listeners are bored with or distracted from the topic of conversation.[4]
Diagnosis
Determining whether a person with autism is "high functioning" or "low functioning" based on an IQ score can be complicated because it is difficult to measure IQ in persons with autism accurately using standard measurement instruments.citation needed The amount of language processing necessary on the tests and the large quantity of verbal instructions involved in the testing process even on the "non-verbal" portion of standard intelligence measures can produce a misleadingly low score.citation needed There can be a significant difference between an autistic person's measured IQ scores when comparing standard testing methods and a truly non-verbal method.citation needed
Notable individuals
There is some speculation in the scientific community about famous individuals that may have had many different variations of autism along with HFA; some of these individuals are Janet Frame[5][6] and Michelangelo.[7]
See also
References
- ^ Frith U (2004). "Emanuel Miller lecture: confusions and controversies about Asperger syndrome". J Child Psychol Psychiatry 45 (4): 672–86. doi:. PMID 15056300.
- ^ Baron-Cohen S (2006). "The hyper-systemizing, assortative mating theory of autism". Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 30 (5): 865–72. doi:. PMID 16519981.
- ^ Klin A (2006). "Autism and Asperger syndrome: an overview". Rev Bras Psiquiatr 28 (suppl 1): S3–S11. doi:. PMID 16791390.
- ^ Baron-Cohen S (2006). "The hyper-systemizing, assortative mating theory of autism". Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 30 (5): 865–72. doi:. PMID 16519981.
- ^ Abrahamson S (2007). "Did Janet Frame have high-functioning autism?". N Z Med J 120 (1263): U2747. PMID 17972967.
- ^ Stace H (2007). "Janet Frame and autism". N Z Med J 120 (1264): U2791. PMID 17972997.
- ^ Arshad M, Fitzgerald M (2004). "Did Michelangelo (1475-1564) have high-functioning autism?". J Med Biogr 12 (2): 115–20. PMID 15079170.
External links
Teaching children with autism and asperger syndrome – BBC article
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- This page was last modified on 8 October 2008, at 01:20.
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