This MedLibrary.org supplementary page on Interleukin is provided directly from the open source Wikipedia as a service to our readers. Please see the note below on authorship of this content, as well as the Wikipedia usage guidelines. To search for other content from our encyclopedia supplement, please use the form below:
Related Sponsors
Interleukins are a group of cytokines (secreted signaling molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes, hence the -leukin) as a means of communication (inter-). The name is something of a relic though (the term was coined by Dr. Paetkau, University of Victoria); it has since been found that interleukins are produced by a wide variety of bodily cells. The function of the immune system depends in a large part on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency.
List
A list of interleukins:
| Name | Source [1] | Target receptors[1][2] | Target cells[1] | Function[1] |
| IL-1 | macrophages, B cells, monocytes [3], dendritic cells [3] | CD121a/IL1R1, CD121b/IL1R2 | T helper cells | co-stimulation [3] |
| B cells | maturation & proliferation [3] | |||
| Nk cells | activation[3] | |||
| macrophages, endothelium, other | inflammation[3], small amounts induce acute phase reaction, large amounts induce fever | |||
| IL-2 | TH1-cells | CD25/IL2RA, CD122/IL2RB, CD132/IL2RG | activated[3] T cells and B cells, NK cells, macrophages, oligodendrocytes | stimulates growth and differentiation of T cell response. Can be used in immunotherapy to treat cancer or suppressed for transplant patients. |
| IL-3 | activated T helper cells[3], mast cells, NK cells, endothelium, eosinophils | CD123/IL3RA, CD131/IL3RB | hematopoietic stem cells | growth and differentiation [3] to e.g. erythrocytes, granulocytes |
| mast cells | growth and histamine release[3] | |||
| IL-4 | TH2-cells, just activated naive CD4+ cell, memory CD4+ cells, mast cells, macrophages | CD124/IL4R, CD132/IL2RG | activated B cells | proliferation and differentiation, IgG1 and IgE synthesis[3]. Important role in allergic response (IgE) |
| T cells | proliferation[3] | |||
| endothelium | ||||
| IL-5 | TH2-cells, mast cells, eosinophils | CD125/IL5RA, CD131/IL3RB | eosinophils | production |
| B cells | differentiation, IgA production | |||
| IL-6 | macrophages, TH2-cells, B cells, astrocytes, endothelium | CD126/IL6RA, CD130/IR6RB | activated B cells | differentiation into plasma cells |
| plasma cells | antibody secretion | |||
| hematopoietic stem cells | differentiation | |||
| T cells, others | induces acute phase reaction, hematopoiesis, differentiation, inflammation | |||
| IL-7 | bone marrow stromal cells and thymus stromal cells | CD127/IL7RA, CD132/IL2RG | pre/pro-B cell, pre/pro-T cell, NK cells | involved in B, T, and NK cell survival, development, and homeostasis, ↑proinflammatory cytokines |
| IL-8 | macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells | CXCR1/IL8RA, CXCR2/IL8RB/CD128 | neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes | Neutrophil chemotaxis |
| IL-9 | Th2-cells, specifically by CD4+ helper cells | CD129/IL9R | T cells, B cells | Potentiates IgM, IgG, IgE, stimulates mast cells |
| IL-10 | monocytes, TH2-cells, CD8+ T cells, mast cells, macrophages, B cell subset | CD210/IL10RA, CDW210B/IL10RB | macrophages | cytokine production[3] |
| B cells | activation [3] | |||
| mast cells | ||||
| Th1 cells | inhibits Th1 cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF-β, IL-2) | |||
| Th2 cells | Stimulation | |||
| IL-11 | bone marrow stroma | IL11RA | bone marrow stroma | acute phase protein production, osteoclast formation |
| IL-12 | dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, macrophages | CD212/IL12RB1, IR12RB2 | activated [3] T cells, | differentiation into Cytotoxic T cells with IL-2[3], ↑ IFN-γ, TNF-α, ↓ IL-10 |
| NK cells | ↑ IFN-γ, TNF-α | |||
| IL-13 | activated TH2-cells, mast cells, NK cells | IL13R | TH2-cells, B cells, macrophages | Stimulates growth and differentiation of B-Cells (IgE), inhibits TH1-cells and the production of macrophage inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1, IL-6), ↓ IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 |
| IL-14 | T cells and certain malignant B cells | activated B cells | controls the growth and proliferation of B cells, inhibits Ig secretion | |
| IL-15 | mononuclear phagocytes (and some other cells), especially macrophages following infection by virus(es) | IL15RA | T cells, activated B cells | Induces production of Natural Killer Cells |
| IL-16 | lymphocytes, epithelial cells, eosinophils, CD8+ T cells | CD4 | CD4+ T cells | CD4+ chemoattractant |
| IL-17 | subsets of T cells | CDw217/IL17RA, IL17RB | epithelium, endothelium, other | osteoclastogenesis, angiogenesis, ↑ inflammatory cytokines |
| IL-18 | macrophages | CDw218a/IL18R1 | Th1 cells, NK cells | Induces production of IFNγ, ↑ NK cell activity |
| IL-19 | - | IL20R | - | |
| IL-20 | - | IL20R | regulates proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes | |
| IL-21 | - | IL21R | ||
| IL-22 | - | IL22R | Activates STAT1 and STAT3 and increases production of acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A, Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and haptoglobin in hepatoma cell lines | |
| IL-23 | - | IL23R | Increases angiogenesis but reduces CD8 T-cell infiltration | |
| IL-24 | - | IL20R | Plays important roles in tumor suppression, wound healing and psoriasis by influencing cell survival. | |
| IL-25 | - | LY6E | Induces the production IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which stimulate eosinophil expansion | |
| IL-26 | - | IL20R1 | Enhances secretion of IL-10 and IL-8 and cell surface expression of CD54 on epithelial cells | |
| IL-27 | - | IL27RA | Regulates the activity of B lymphocyte and T lymphocytes | |
| IL-28 | - | IL28R | Plays a role in immune defense against viruses | |
| IL-29 | - | Plays a role in host defenses against microbes | ||
| IL-30 | - | Forms one chain of IL-27 | ||
| IL-31 | - | IL31RA | May play a role in inflammation of the skin | |
| IL-32 | - | Induces monocytes and macrophages to secrete TNF-α, IL-8 and CXCL2 | ||
| IL-33 | - | Induces helper T cells to produce type 2 cytokine | ||
| IL-35 | regulatory T cells | Suppression of T helper cell activation |
References
- ^ a b c d Unless else specified in boxes, then ref is: Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Immunology. Paperback: 384 pages. Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; (July 1, 2007). Language: English. ISBN-10: 0781795435. ISBN-13: 978-0781795432. Page 68
- ^ Noosheen Alaverdi & David Sehy (2007-05-01). Cytokines - Master Regulators of the Immune System. eBioscience. Retrieved on 2008-02-28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p http://microvet.arizona.edu/Courses/MIC419/Tutorials/cytokines.html Cytokine tutorial] The University of Arizona
External links
- HGNC Gene Family Nomenclature: Interleukin and Interleukin Receptor Gene Symbols
- Interleukin Antibody Review
|
||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 17 June 2008, at 15:26.
Wikipedia Authorship and Review
Wikipedia content provided here is not reviewed directly by MedLibrary.org. Wikipedia content is authored by an open community of volunteers and is not produced by or in any way affiliated with MedLibrary.org.
Wikipedia Usage Guidelines
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article on "Interleukin".
The URL for this specific entry is:
All Wikipedia text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details). Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.