This MedLibrary.org supplementary page on Letters Patent is provided directly from the open source Wikipedia as a service to our readers. Please see the note below on authorship of this content, as well as the Wikipedia usage guidelines. To search for other content from our encyclopedia supplement, please use the form below:
Related Sponsors
Letters patent are a type of legal instrument in the form of an open letter issued by a monarch or government, granting an office, right, monopoly, title, or status to a person or to some entity such as a corporation. The opposite of letters patent (Lat. litterae patentes) is letters close (Lat. litterae clausae), which are personal in nature and sealed so that only the recipient can read their contents. Due to the Latin idiom involved, a single document is not a "letter patent" but still "letters patent."
Letters patent often start with a salutation such as "To all to whom these presents shall come Greeting" or "To all to whom these presents shall come or whom the same may in any way concern, GREETING:" or even just "To all and singular, greeting." However, a document starting with such a clause may merely be a deed poll. Letters patent can be used for the granting of city status or coats of arms, for the creation of corporations, or by a monarch to create an office. They are also common in printed diplomas and academic degrees from educational institutions.
A particular form of letters patent has evolved into the modern patent granting exclusive rights in an invention.
In the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth realms (where letters patent may be issued by the Governor-General), letters patent are issued under the Royal Prerogative and constitute a rare, if significant, form of legislation without the consent of Parliament. Letters patent may also be used to grant royal assent to acts of Parliament.
In the United States, the forgery of letters patent granted by the President of the United States is a crime subject to fine and/or imprisonment up to ten years (). Without letters patent a person is unable to assume an appointed office. Such prompted the Marbury v. Madison suit where William Marbury and three others petitioned the US Supreme Court to order James Madison to deliver their letters for appointments made under the previous administration.
See also
- Royal Charter
- Lettre de cachet
- Letters close
- Letter of marque
- Patent
- Patent of Toleration
- Commissioning scroll
- Statute of Monopolies 1623, an attempt to rein in the abuse of letters patent in England
External links
- Letters Patent from Queen Victoria establishing the Governor-General of Australia
- Now revoked by Letters patent from Queen Elizabeth II dated 21 August 1984 as amended
- Letters Patent of Anglican Church of Canada
- Letters patent of Governor and Commander in Chief of Newfoundland, 1876
- Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor General of Canada
- Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor-General of New Zealand
- Research Guide on Letters Patent
- Letters Patent granting Peerages and Royal Warrants
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 1 July 2008, at 18:26.
Wikipedia Authorship and Review
Wikipedia content provided here is not reviewed directly by MedLibrary.org. Wikipedia content is authored by an open community of volunteers and is not produced by or in any way affiliated with MedLibrary.org.
Wikipedia Usage Guidelines
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article on "Letters Patent".
The URL for this specific entry is:
All Wikipedia text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details). Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.