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This is a list of plant names in Dacian, an ancient language of South Eastern Europe, from Dioscorides' De Materia Medica (abb. MM) and Pseudo-Apuleius' Herbarius (abb. Herb.). Dacian plant names are one of the primary sources left to us for studying the Dacian language. This list also includes a Bessian plant name and a Moesian plant name, neighboring Daco-Thracian tribes.
A separate list exists containing Romanian words of possible Dacian origin that form the Eastern Romance substratum.
| Dacian | English | Botanical | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adila |
|
||
| Amalusta, Amolusta , Amulusta | Chamomile | Matricaria recutita or Anthemis tinctoria | ^ Herb. 23; possibly related to Albanian ëmbël, ambël "sweet".[1] |
| Aniarsexe, Aniassexie | Sainfoin a.k.a. Cock's Head | Onobrychis caput galii | |
| Aprus | Gladwin Iris | Iris foetidissima | |
| Arpopria, Arborria | Climbing Ivy | Hedera helix | |
| Asa | Coltsfoot | Tussilago farfara | actually, a Bessian plant name. |
| Aurumetti, Aurimetellum | Cranesbill a.k.a. Crow's Foot, Wild Geranium ? | Geranium sylvaticum or Ranunculus serdous? | MM 2.175, Herb. 67 |
| Azila | Hound's Tongue | Cynoglossum | Probably a variant of Usazila (see below) |
| Bles, Blis | Purple Amaranth | Amaranthus blitum | |
| Budalla, Budama, Budathala, Budathla | Anchusa | Anchusa italica | |
| Caropithla, Karopithla | |||
| Cercer, Cerceraphron, Kerker, Kerkeraphron | Pimpernel | Anagallis | |
| Chodela, Khodela | Ground Pine | Lycopodium (Lycopodium clavatum or Lycopodium annotitum / Lycopodium dubium?) | |
| Cinouboila, Cinuboila, Kinouboila, Kinuboila | a compound of kinu "dog" and oboila "apple", akin to Lithuanian šúnobuolas "wild pumpkin", Thracian dinupula, sinupyla "id", Albanian thënukël "dogberry"[2] | ||
| Coadama, Koadama | Pondweed | Potamogeton zosteraefolium | |
| Coicolida, Koikolida | Nightshade | Atropa belladonna | the first element koiko means "one-eyed" or "blind", and is akin to Latin caecus "blind", Irish caoch "one-eyed", Goth haihs "one-eyed", Sanskrit kekara "squint-eyed" |
| Cotiata, Kotiata | Switchgrass | Panicum dactylum | also refers to genus Agropyron? |
| Courionnecum, Couriounnecum, Curiounnecum, Kourionnekoum | Arum | Arum | |
| Coustane, Croustane, Crustane, Custane, Koustane, Kroustane, Krustane, Kustane | Greater celandine or Lesser celandine | Chelidonium majus or Ranunculus ficaria | |
| Cycolis, Kykolis | PGroundcherry or Ashwagandha | Physalis sp. or Withania somnifera | |
| Dacina, Dakina | the Moesian name for these plants was Mendruta (see below) | ||
| Dicotella | White Bryony | Bryonia alba | |
| Dielina, Dielleina, Diellena | Henbane | Hyoscyamos niger | |
| Diesapter | Mullein | Verbascum | |
| Diessathel | Wavyleaf Mullein | Verbascum sinuatum | from IE *diwes-sētlo; where the second element meant "sieve" (cf. Old Norse sáld "sieve", Welsh hidl "strainer", Lithuanian sėkla "seed", Greek ēthein "to strain", Old Church Slavonic sito)[3] |
| Diesema | Mullein | Verbascum | from IE *diyes eusmn. "burning sky" (cf. Latin dies "day", Greek heúein "to burn") and similar to German Himmelbrand "mullein", literally "burning heavens" [4]. |
| Diodela, Duodela, Duodella, Ziodela | |||
| Dracontos | Rosemary | Rosmarinus officinalis | |
| Dokela | Bugle | Ajuga iva | |
| Dyn | Nettle | Urtica | |
| Ebustrone | Lesser celandine | Ranunculus ficaria | From Pseudo-Apuleis |
| Gonoleta, Gouoleta, Guoleta, Guolete | Gromwell | Lithospermum tenuiflorum | |
| Hormea, Hormia | Annual Clary | Salvia horminum | |
| Lax | Purslane | Portulaca oleracea | |
| Manteia, Mantia | Wooly Blackberry | Rubus tomentosus | |
| Mendruta | Actually, a Moesian plant name | ||
| Mizela, Mizila, Mozula, Mouzula | Thyme | Thymus | |
| Nemenepsa | Ground Pine | Lycopodium | |
| Olma | Danewort | Sambucus ebulus | |
| Parithia, Parthia | Dog's Tooth Grass | Cynodon ? | |
| Pegrina | White Bryony | Bryonia alba | |
| Phithophthethela | Maidenhair fern | Adiantum | |
| Polpum | Dill | Anethum graveolens | |
| Priadela, Priadila | White Bryony or Black Bryony | Bryonia alba or Tamus communis | |
| Probedula, Procedila , Propedila, Propedula, Propodila | Creeping Cinquefoil | Potentilla reptans | ^ Procedila< Prokedila, probably a scribal error for *Probedila, a graphic confusion between β/κ being rather common in Greek manuscripts. Compare to the Gaulish name for this plant, Pempedula (five-leaved). |
| Prodiarna, Prodiorna | Black Hellebore | Helleborus niger | |
| Rathibida | Italian Aster | Aster amellus | |
| Riborasta | Burdock | Arctium | |
| Salia | |||
| Seba | Elderberry | Sambucus | |
| Skiare | Wild Teasel | Dipsacus sylvestris or Dipsacus fullonum sylvestris | |
| Skinpoax, Sipoax, Spioax | Broadleaf Plantain | Plantago major | |
| Sikupnoex, Sikupnux | Eryngo | Eryngium campestre | |
| Stirsozila | Centaury | Centaurium erythraea, formerly classified as Erythraea centaurium | from Pseudo-Apuleis |
| Tanidila | Catmint | Nepeta | |
| Teudila | Peppermint or Horsemint or Calamint? | Mentha x piperita or Mentha sylvestris or Calamintha? | |
| Troutrastra, Trutrastra, Tutrastra | |||
| Toulbela, Tulbela | Centaury | Centaurium erythraea, formerly classified as Erythraea centaurium | |
| Usazila | Hound's Tongue | Cynoglossum | Probably a variant of Azila (see above) |
| Zena | Poison Hemlock | Conium maculatum | |
| Zired | Redstem Wormwood | Artemisia scoparia | |
| Zououster, Zuste, Zuuster | Wormwood | Artemisia arborescens or campestris |
References
- ^ Malcolm, Noel. Kosovo: A Short History. New York: New York University Press, 1998.
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. A Concise Historical Grammar of the Albanian Language: Reconstruction of Proto-Albanian. Brill, 2000.
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Brill, 1998.
- ^ Katičic', Radislav. Ancient Languages of the Balkans, Part One. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 149.
See also
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