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Main article: community

This List of community topics is intended to be a comprehensive listing of topics, categories and other resources related to community in the broadest sense possible.

Contents 1 Community types 1.1 Ideational or abstract community types 1.2 Geographic and physical community types 2 Classification 2.1 Types of communities 2.1.1 Other types 2.2 Types of cooperatives 3 Community development 4 Community concepts, movements and schools of thought 4.1 Academic subjects 4.2 Concepts and principles 4.3 Terms 5 Virtual community 6 Community institutions 7 Actual communities 7.1 Online communities 8 Other community topics 9 Other uses of the term "community" 10 Resources 10.1 Books and authors 10.1.1 Authors 10.2 External links 10.2.1 Journals and publications 10.2.2 Organizations and projects 10.2.3 Academic articles 10.2.4 Other

Community types

Community, the human community:

• World community, the global aspects of community from the perspective of governance and the humanities
• International community, the global aspects of community from the perspective of governance and the humanities
• Global village, the global aspects of community from the perspective of telecommunications

Ideational or abstract community types

• Business community, the total body of business people its relationships and interactions
• Religious community, the total body of religious people its relationships and interactions
• Scientific community, the total body of scientists, its relationships and interactions
• Epistemic community, those who accept one version of a story
• Discourse Community, used in linguistics to describe the users of a particular style of language
• Moral community, a group of people drawn together by a common interest in living according to a particular moral philosophy
• Voluntary association, a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to accomplish a purpose
• Cooperative, a group of persons who join together (co-operate) to carry on an economic activity of mutual benefit

Geographic and physical community types

Category:Human geography:

Human geography means who people are and where they live

• European Community, founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome
• Community council, tier of local government in Wales and Scotland
• Autonomous communities of Spain, Spain's fifty provinces are grouped into seventeen autonomous communities
• Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium
• Local community, a town, city, neighborhood, rural area, or any locale and everyone in it
• Unincorporated community, a geographic area having a common social identity
• Residential community, a community, usually a small town or city, that is composed mostly of residents
• Intentional Community, a planned residential community, usually of people that share personal and cultural values.
  • Cohousing communities, a type of intentional community composed of private homes centered around a common house and other common facilities.
  • Ecovillage, a type of intentional community formed with social, economic, and ecological sustainability as its goal.
  • Commune (intentional community), a type of intentional community where most resources are shared and there is little or no personal property (as opposed to communities that only share housing)
  • Monastery, a community of usually monks practicing a religious discipline
  • Convent, a community of clergy particularly in the Roman Catholic Church and, to a lesser degree, in the Anglican Church

Classification

Types of communities

Category:Types of communities:

Community of...

• Action, a group of people organized to support a cause or bring about social change
• Circumstance, a group of people bound together because of circumstances usually beyond their control
• Interest, a group of people who share a common interest or passion
• Place, a group of people bound together because of where they spend a continuous portion of their time
• Position, a group of people who share a particular station in life (such as teenage years, marriage, parenthood, etc.)
• Practice, a group of people who choose to collaborate over an extended period to share ideas, find solutions, and build innovations.
• Purpose, a group of people who are going through the same process or are trying to achieve a similar objective

see Group (sociology)

Other types

• Affinity group, is a small group of activists (usually from 3-20) who work together on direct action
• Intentional community, a planned residential community with a much higher degree of social interaction than other communities
• Learning community, a cohort-based, interdisciplinary approach to higher education covering distinct fields of study
• Virtual community, See Vitual community section below
• Web community

Types of cooperatives

Cooperatives:

• Housing cooperative, a legal entity that owns real estate, usually one or more residential buildings
• Retailers' cooperative, a network of retailers which employs economies of scale to get discounts from manufacturers and to pool marketing
• Consumers' cooperative, a type of cooperative which employs economies of scale to get discounts from distributors
• Utility cooperative, a public utility such as electric, water or telecommunications owned by its members
• Worker cooperative, a type of business entity owned in part or exclusively by its workers

Community development

Community development refers to efforts to improve communities:

• Community organizing, a process by which people are brought together to act in common self-interest
• Community building often refers to the more informal (or intangible) aspects of community development
• Community economic development refers to efforts to improve the material aspects of local communities
• Community practice, a type of social work practice that focuses on community level interventions
• Community service, service (voluntary or compulsory) that a person performs for the benefit of his or her local community

Community concepts, movements and schools of thought

• Sense of community, a look from the psychological perspective at how and why communities form and why people join them
• Scientific Community Metaphor, an approach in computer science to understanding and performing scientific communities
• Community politics, a movement in British politics to re-engage people with political action on a local level
• Imagined communities, a concept that nations are socially constructed by the imaginations of people
• Collectivist and Individualist cultures, a look at the differences between collectivism and individualism
• Internationalism (politics), a political movement which advocates cooperation between nations for the benefit of all
• World Brotherhood Colonies, an idea for spiritual-based communities begun by Paramahansa Yogananda in 1932

Academic subjects

• Community studies, an academic discipine, drawing on sociology and anthropology with emphasis on ethnography (participant observation)
• Community practice social work, a branch of the applied field of social work, which focuses on community level interventions, such as community organizing, community development, policy advocacy and policy analysis.
• Community psychology, the use of the principles of psychology to understand how communities work (or fail to work)
• Computational sociology, a recently developed branch of sociology that uses computation to analyze social phenomena
• Cultural anthropology, a field of anthropology comprising the holistic study of humanity
• Internet studies, an emerging field of academia dealing with the interaction between the Internet and modern society
• Organizational Development, a branch of Sociology that deals with how and why people organize themselves
• Philosophy of social science, the scholarly elucidation and debate of accounts of the nature of the social sciences
• Rural sociology, a field of sociology associated with the study of life in small towns and the country.
• Social geography, how society affects geographical features and how environmental factors affect society.
• Social philosophy, the philosophical study of interesting questions about social behavior (typically, of humans).
• Social sciences, groups of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world using scientific methods
• Sociocultural evolution, theories of cultural evolution and social evolution, describing how cultures and societies have developed over time
• Urban planning, the discipline which deals with the development of metropolitan areas, municipalities and neighbourhoods

Concepts and principles

• Communitarianism, a group of related but distinct philosophies advocating phenomena such as civil society
• Consensus decision-making, inclusive decision-making processes that accommodate even the minority
• Meritocracy, a form of government based on rule by ability (merit) rather than by wealth or other determinants of social position.
• Interpersonal relationship, a connection, affiliation or association between two or more people
• Social capital, a concept with a variety of inter-related definitions, based on the economic value of social networks
• Communitas, a Latin noun for the spirit of community having significance in cultural anthropology and the social sciences.
• Community television, television stations that are owned and operated by communities rather than governments or corporations
• Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, terms introduced by German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies to distinguish community from society
• Group dynamics, the field of study within the social sciences that focuses on the nature of groups
• Small-group communication, communication in a context that mixes interpersonal communication interactions with social clustering
• Socialization, the process by which people learn to adopt the behavior patterns of the community in which they live
• Collectivism, a school of thought, antithetical to Individualism, in which the collective takes precedence over the individual
• Organizational learning, an area of knowledge that looks at how an organization learns and adapts

Terms

• Affinity (sociology), in terms of sociology, refers to "kinship of spirit", interest and other interpersonal commonalities
• Cenobitic, a monastic tradition that stresses community life as opposed to eremitic — like a hermit.
• Collective, a group of people who share common interests, working together to achieve a common objective
• Consanguinity, the quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person
• Emergence, complex pattern formation from simpler rules
• Group (sociology), a collection of people who share characteristics, interact and have a common identity
• Liminality, a period of transition related to initiation, rite of passage or other entry into a group
• Meeting, two or more people coming together to have discussions or produce a predetermined output, often in a formalized way
• Organization, a formal group of people with one or more shared goals
• Plenary session, the part of a meeting when all members of all parties are in attendance
• Solidarity (sociology), the feeling or condition of unity based on common goals, interests, and sympathies among a group's members

Virtual community

Category:Internet culture

Main article: Virtual community

Virtual community, a group of people communicating with each other by means of information technologies:

• Bulletin board system
• Chat room, an online site in which people can chat online (talk by broadcasting messages to people on the same site in real time)
• Computer-mediated communication
• Discourse community
• Electronic mailing list, a special usage of e-mail that allows for widespread distribution of information to many Internet users
• Internet activism
• Internet forum
• Internet social network
• Massively distributed collaboration
• Motivations for Contributing to Online Communities
• Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games
• Network of practice
• Online deliberation
• Social network
• Social evolutionary computation
• The Virtual Community
• Usenet, a distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP network of the same name
• Virtual Community of Practice
• Virtual Ethnography
• Virtual reality
• Web community
• Web of trust
• Wireless community projects, the development of interlinked computer networks
• World Wide Web, a global, read-write information space

See also Category:Virtual reality communities

Community institutions

• Community college, an educational institution providing post-secondary education
• Community foundations, institutions that pool donations into coordinated investments for grants
• Community (trade union), a trade union in the UK
• Community Bank, a locally owned and operated financial institution

Actual communities

Category:communities:

Lists of communities, co-ops, etc.:

• List of intentional communities
• List of ecovillages
• List of cooperatives

Lists of virtual communities:

• Benchmark virtual communities
• Additional virtual community listings

The world community:

Note to dialup users: the following lists are massive

• List of countries, a comprehensive list of countries of the world
• List of subnational entities, a comprehensive list of subnational entities, (states, provinces, communities, etc)

Online communities

• Craigslist: a centralized network of online urban communities, featuring free classified advertisements (with jobs, housing, personals, for sale/barter/wanted, services, community, gigs and resumes categories) and forums sorted by various topics

• The WELL or The Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link is one of the oldest ongoing virtual communities. It is best known for the authors, technologists and journalists who congregate there, and for the deep sense of community and continuity provided by its Internet forums. The discussion topics on the WELL range from the deeply serious to the generally silly, depending on the nature and interests of the participants.

Other community topics

• Global Ecovillage Network, a global association of people and communities (ecovillages) dedicated to living "sustainable plus" lives
• Communication, the process of sending information to oneself or another entity, usually via a language
• Gathering place, a phenomenal natural location crucial to culture and civilization
• Community Boards, a community-based mediation program, established in 1976, in San Francisco, California, USA
• Community garden, small plots of land allocated to groups of people by some organization for collective gardening
• WELL, (Whole Earth Lectronic Link or The WELL) - one of the oldest virtual communities still online.
• The Farm (Tennessee), a spiritual intentional community in Summertown, Tennessee, known informally as a hippie commune
• A-Welcome-To-All We Invite You, an activist ecovillage in Olympia, Washington

Other uses of the term "community"

Main article: Community (disambiguation)

• CommUnity, an esoteric programming language
• Community: A NewOrderOnline Tribute, a tribute album (music recording)
• Biological community, all the interacting organisms living together in a specific habitat

Resources

These sources and references are being gleened from the articles listed above. If you know of any others, internal or external please add them.

Books and authors

Many of these books and authors are (or will soon be) covered in existing Wikipedia articles:

• BetterTogether: Civic Engagement in America by Robert D. Putnam and Lewis M. Feldstein
• Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community by Robert D. Putnam (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), ISBN 0-7432-0304-6
• Creating a Life Together: Practical Tools to Grow Ecovillages and Intentional Communities by Diana Leafe Christian. New Society Publishers ( 2003). ISBN 0-86571-471-1
• Economy and Society by Max Weber
• Sociology of Community by Max Weber
• Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft by Ferdinand Tönnies (1887)
• The Different Drum: Community-Making and Peace by M. Scott Peck
• The Forms of Capital by Pierre Bourdieu
• The Great Good Place (Oldenburg) by Ray Oldenburg (New York: Paragon Books, 1989) ISBN 1-56924-681-5
• The Idea of Community, Social Policy and Self by Kevin Loughran (Belfast: APJ Publications, 2003) ISBN 0-9543623-0-6

Authors

This is just a flat list of authors who write about community topics:

Jean Lave, Etienne Wenger, John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, Pierre Rosanvallon, Jacques Fournier, Jacques Attali, Louis Wirth, William Foote Whyte, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, ...

External links

Library of Congress:

• LoC - Researchers Reference tools and services
  • LoC - Prints and Photographs Reading Room

Journals and publications

• UK Commission for Rural Communities - publications
• Community Development Journal (Oxford)
• USDA Rural Development - Publications
• Journal of Community Psychology
• Journal of Rural Community Psychology
• Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology

Organizations and projects

• The Citizen's Handbook
• Fellowship for Intentional Community
• Global Ecovillage Network
• BetterTogether.org
• Social Capital in Tampa Bay (University of South Florida)
• Ray Oldenburg's Project for Public Spaces (PPS)
• Community Toolbox

Academic articles

• Crime and Violence in Rural Communities
• Community - a review of the theory (Infed.org)
• Community Psychology: In Pursuit of Well-Being and Liberation
• Psychological Sense of Community: Theory of McMillan & Chavis (1986)
• Internet, Innovation and Open Source:Actors in the Network — First Monday article by Ilkka Tuomi (2000)
• ...
• Is There Such a Thing as Community?: Kevin Loughran (2007)

Other

• Community Economic Development Institute (Cape Breton University)
• Smart Communities Blog
• Community Development Ideas
• The Community Europe

Wikipedia content modification information:

• This page was last modified on 18 August 2008, at 13:57.

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