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Contents 1 mechanics of muscle (Gray's s102) 1.1 Gray's page #361 1.2 Gray's page #362 1.3 Gray's page #363 1.4 Gray's page #364 1.5 Gray's page #365 1.6 Gray's page #368 1.7 Gray's page #370 2 development of the muscles (Gray's s103) 2.1 Gray's page #371 2.2 Gray's page #372 2.3 Gray's page #373 2.4 Gray's page #374 2.5 Gray's page #375 2.6 Gray's page #376 3 tendons, aponeuroses, and fasciae (Gray's s104) 3.1 Gray's page #376 3.2 Gray's page #377 3.3 Gray's page #378 4 the fasciae and muscles of the head 4.1 the muscles of the scalp (Gray's s105) 4.1.1 Gray's page #378 4.1.2 Gray's page #379 4.1.3 Gray's page #380 4.2 the muscles of the eyelid (Gray's s106) 4.2.1 Gray's page #380 4.2.2 Gray's page #381 4.3 the muscles of the nose (Gray's s107) 4.3.1 Gray's page #382 4.4 the muscles of the mouth (Gray's s108) 4.4.1 Gray's page #382 4.4.2 Gray's page #383 4.4.3 Gray's page #384 4.4.4 Gray's page #385 4.5 the muscles of mastication (Gray's s109) 4.5.1 Gray's page #385 4.5.2 Gray's page #386 4.5.3 Gray's page #387 5 the fasciae and muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck 5.1 the superficial cervical muscle (Gray's s110) 5.1.1 Gray's page #387 5.2 the lateral cervical muscles (Gray's s111) 5.2.1 Gray's page #388 5.2.2 Gray's page #389 5.2.3 Gray's page #390 5.2.4 Gray's page #391 5.3 the supra- and infrahyoid muscles (Gray's s112) 5.3.1 suprahyoid muscles 5.3.1.1 Gray's page #391 5.3.1.2 Gray's page #392 5.3.1.3 Gray's page #393 5.3.2 infrahyoid muscles 5.3.2.1 Gray's page #393 5.3.2.2 Gray's page #394 5.4 the anterior vertebral muscles (Gray's s113) 5.4.1 Gray's page #394 5.4.2 Gray's page #395 5.5 the lateral vertebral muscles (Gray's s114) 5.5.1 Gray's page #396 6 the fasciae and muscles of the trunk 6.1 the deep muscles of the back (Gray's s115) 6.1.1 Gray's page #397 6.1.2 Gray's page #399 6.1.3 Gray's page #400 6.1.4 Gray's page #401 6.2 the suboccipital muscles (Gray's s116) 6.2.1 Gray's page #401 6.2.2 Gray's page #402 6.3 the muscles of the thorax (Gray's s117) 6.3.1 Gray's page #402 6.3.2 Gray's page #403 6.3.3 Gray's page #404 6.3.4 Gray's page #405 6.3.5 Gray's page #406 6.3.6 Gray's page #407 6.4 the muscles and fasciae of the abdomen (Gray's s118) 6.4.1 the anterolateral muscles 6.4.1.1 Gray's page #408 6.4.1.2 Gray's page #409 6.4.1.3 Gray's page #410 6.4.1.4 Gray's page #411 6.4.1.5 Gray's page #412 6.4.1.6 Gray's page #413 6.4.1.7 Gray's page #414 6.4.1.8 Gray's page #415 6.4.1.9 Gray's page #416 6.4.1.10 Gray's page #417 6.4.1.11 Gray's page #418 6.4.1.12 Gray's page #419 6.4.2 the posterior muscles 6.4.2.1 Gray's page #419 6.4.2.2 Gray's page #420 6.5 the muscles and fasciae of the pelvis (Gray's s119) 6.5.1 Gray's page #420 6.5.2 Gray's page #421 6.5.3 Gray's page #422 6.5.4 Gray's page #423 6.5.5 Gray's page #424 6.6 the muscles and fasciae of the perineum (Gray's s120) 6.6.1 The Muscles of the Anal Region 6.6.1.1 Gray's page #424 6.6.1.2 Gray's page #425 6.6.1.3 Gray's page #426 6.6.2 The Muscles of the Urogenital Region in the Male 6.6.2.1 Gray's page #426 6.6.2.2 Gray's page #427 6.6.2.3 Gray's page #428 6.6.2.4 Gray's page #429 6.6.3 The Muscles of the Urogenital Region in the Female 6.6.3.1 Gray's page #430 6.6.3.2 Gray's page #431 7 the fascia and muscles of the upper extremity 7.1 the muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column (Gray's s121) 7.1.1 Gray's page #432 7.1.2 Gray's page #434 7.1.3 Gray's page #435 7.2 the muscles connecting the upper extremity to the anterior and lateral thoracic walls (Gray's s122) 7.2.1 Gray's page #435 7.2.2 Gray's page #436 7.2.3 Gray's page #437 7.2.4 Gray's page #438 7.3 the muscles and fasciae of the shoulder (Gray's s123) 7.3.1 Gray's page #439 7.3.2 Gray's page #440 7.3.3 Gray's page #441 7.3.4 Gray's page #442 7.4 the muscles and fasciae of the arm (Gray's s124) 7.4.1 Gray's page #442 7.4.2 Gray's page #443 7.4.3 Gray's page #444 7.4.4 Gray's page #445 7.5 the muscles and fasciae of the forearm (Gray's s125) 7.5.1 Gray's page #445 7.5.2 The Volar Antibrachial Muscles: Superficial Group 7.5.2.1 Gray's page #446 7.5.2.2 Gray's page #447 7.5.2.3 Gray's page #448 7.5.3 The Volar Antibrachial Muscles: Deep Group 7.5.3.1 Gray's page #448 7.5.3.2 Gray's page #449 7.5.4 The Dorsal Antibrachial Muscles: Superficial group 7.5.4.1 Gray's page #451 7.5.4.2 Gray's page #452 7.5.4.3 Gray's page #454 7.5.5 The Dorsal Antibrachial Muscles: Deep Group 7.5.5.1 Gray's page #454 7.5.5.2 Gray's page #455 7.5.5.3 Gray's page #456 7.6 the muscles and fasciae of the hand (Gray's s126) 7.6.1 Gray's page #456 7.6.2 Gray's page #457 7.6.3 Gray's page #458 7.6.4 Gray's page #459 7.6.5 Gray's page #460 7.6.6 Gray's page #461 7.6.7 The Lateral Volar Muscles 7.6.7.1 Gray's page #461 7.6.7.2 Gray's page #462 7.6.8 The Medial Volar Muscles 7.6.8.1 Gray's page #463 7.6.8.2 Gray's page #464 7.6.9 The Intermediate Muscles 7.6.9.1 Gray's page #464 7.6.9.2 Gray's page #465 8 the muscles and fasciae of the lower extremity 8.1 the muscles and fasciae of the iliac region (Gray's s127) 8.1.1 Gray's page #465 8.1.2 Gray's page #466 8.1.3 Gray's page #467 8.2 the muscles and fasciae of the thigh (Gray's s128) 8.2.1 The Anterior Femoral Muscles 8.2.1.1 Gray's page #468 8.2.1.2 Gray's page #469 8.2.1.3 Gray's page #470 8.2.1.4 Gray's page #471 8.2.2 The Medial Femoral Muscles 8.2.2.1 Gray's page #471 8.2.2.2 Gray's page #472 8.2.2.3 Gray's page #473 8.2.3 The Muscles of the Gluteal Region 8.2.3.1 Gray's page #474 8.2.3.2 Gray's page #475 8.2.3.3 Gray's page #476 8.2.3.4 Gray's page #477 8.2.3.5 Gray's page #478 8.2.4 The Posterior Femoral Muscles (Hamstring Muscles) 8.2.4.1 Gray's page #479 8.3 the muscles and fasciae of the leg (Gray's s129) 8.3.1 The Anterior Crural Muscles 8.3.1.1 Gray's page #480 8.3.1.2 Gray's page #481 8.3.1.3 Gray's page #482 8.3.2 The Posterior Crural Muscles: Superficial group 8.3.2.1 Gray's page #482 8.3.2.2 Gray's page #483 8.3.3 The Posterior Crural Muscles: Deep group 8.3.3.1 Gray's page #483 8.3.3.2 Gray's page #484 8.3.3.3 Gray's page #485 8.3.4 The Lateral Crural Muscles 8.3.4.1 Gray's page #486 8.3.4.2 Gray's page #487 8.4 the fasciae around the ankle (Gray's s130) 8.4.1 Gray's page #488 8.4.2 Gray's page #489 8.5 the muscles and fasciae of the foot (Gray's s131) 8.5.1 Gray's page #490 8.5.2 The First Layer 8.5.2.1 Gray's page #491 8.5.2.2 Gray's page #492 8.5.3 The Second Layer 8.5.3.1 Gray's page #493 8.5.4 The Third Layer 8.5.4.1 Gray's page #493 8.5.4.2 Gray's page #494 8.5.5 The Fourth Layer 8.5.5.1 Gray's page #495 9 See also

mechanics of muscle (Gray's s102)

Gray's page #361

• unipennate
• bipennate

Gray's page #362

• origin
• insertion
• synergic muscles
• fixation muscles
• The Mechanics of Muscle

Gray's page #363

• The Direction of the Muscle Pull

Gray's page #364

• The Action of the Muscle Pull on the Tendon
• The Strength of Muscles

Gray's page #365

• absolute muscle strength
• The Work Accomplished by Muscles
  • physiological cross-section
  • maximum shortening
  • position of the joint

Gray's page #368

• The Action of Muscles on Joints

Gray's page #370

• Levers

development of the muscles (Gray's s103)

Gray's page #371

• The Myotomic Muscles
• The Ventrolateral Muscles of the Neck
• Muscles of the Shoulder girdle andArm

Gray's page #372

• The Myotomic Muscles
• The Muscles of the Leg
• The Muscles of the Head

Gray's page #373

• Striped muscle (Voluntary muscle)
  • perimysium
  • epimysium
  • fasciculi
  • endomysium
• muscular fiber
  • sarcolemma

Gray's page #374

• muscle columns
• sarcoplasm
• areas of Cohnheim
• sarcostyles

Gray's page #375

• Dobie's line (Kraus's membrane)
• lines of Hensen
• sarcomere
• sarcous element

Gray's page #376

• capillaries of striped muscle

tendons, aponeuroses, and fasciae (Gray's s104)

Gray's page #376

• Tendons
  • organs of Golgi
• Aponeuroses
• fasciae

Gray's page #377

• fasciae
  • superficial fascia
    • white fibers
    • yellow elastic fibers
    • matrix
    • cells of areolar tissue
      • lamellar cells
      • Clasmatocytes
      • Granule cells
      • Plasma cells
      • wandering cells
        • pigment cells

Gray's page #378

• fasciae
  • deep fascia

the fasciae and muscles of the head

the muscles of the scalp (Gray's s105)

Gray's page #378

• Epicranius
• Skin of the Scalp
• superficial fascia
• Epicranius (Occipitofrontalis)

Gray's page #379

• Occipitalis
• Frontalis

Gray's page #380

• galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis)
• Transversus nuchæ

the muscles of the eyelid (Gray's s106)

Gray's page #380

• Levator palpebræ superioris
• Orbicularis oculi (Orbicularis palpebrarum)
  • medial palpebral ligament
  • palpebral portion
  • orbital portion
  • lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi)

Gray's page #381

• Orbicularis oculi (Orbicularis palpebrarum)
  • medial palpebral ligament (tendo oculi)
  • lateral palpebral raphé
• Corrugator (Corrugator supercilii)

the muscles of the nose (Gray's s107)

Gray's page #382

• Procerus (Pyramidalis nasi)
• Nasalis (Compressor naris)
• Depressor septi (Depressor alœ nasi)
• Dilatator naris posterior
• Dilatator naris anterior

the muscles of the mouth (Gray's s108)

Gray's page #382

• muscles of the mouth

Gray's page #383

• Quadratus labii superioris
  • angular head
  • infraorbital head
  • zygomatic head
• Caninus (Levator anguli oris)
• Zygomaticus (Zygomaticus major)
• Mentalis (Levator menti)
• Quadratus labii inferioris (Depressor labii inferioris; Quadratus menti)
• Triangularis (Depressor anguli oris)
• Transversus menti

Gray's page #384

• Buccinator
• suctorial pad
• pterygomandibular raphé (pterygomandibular ligament)
• Orbicularis oris

Gray's page #385

• lateral band (m. incisivus labii superioris)
• medial band (m. nasolabialis)
• philtrum
• m. incisivus labii inferioris
• Risorius

the muscles of mastication (Gray's s109)

Gray's page #385

• Parotideomasseteric fascia (masseteric fascia)
• Masseter

Gray's page #386

• Temporal fascia
• Temporalis (Temporal muscle)
• Pterygoideus externus (External pterygoid muscle)

Gray's page #387

• Pterygoideus internus (Internal pterygoid muscle)

the fasciae and muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck

the superficial cervical muscle (Gray's s110)

Gray's page #387

• Platysma

the lateral cervical muscles (Gray's s111)

Gray's page #388

• Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia)
  • investing portion of the fascia
  • Above
    • parotideomasseteric fascia
    • stylomandibular ligament
    • sphenomandibular ligament
    • pterygospinous ligament

Gray's page #389

• Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia)
  • Below
    • suprasternal space (space of Burns)
  • fascia which lines the deep surface of the Sternocleidomastoideus
    • carotid sheath
    • prevertebral fascia

Gray's page #390

• Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia)
  • fascia which lines the deep surface of the Sternocleidomastoideus
    • prevertebral fascia
      • buccopharyngeal fascia
      • retropharyngeal space
    • pretrachial fascia
• Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternomastoid muscle)
• Triangles of the neck
  • anterior triangle

Gray's page #391

• Triangles of the neck
  • posterior triangle

the supra- and infrahyoid muscles (Gray's s112)

suprahyoid muscles

Gray's page #391

• Digastricus (Digastric muscle)
  • posterior belly
  • anterior belly

Gray's page #392

• Digastricus (Digastric muscle)
  • suprahyoid aponeurosis
  • submaxillary triangle
  • carotid triangle
  • suprahyoid triangle or submental triangle
• Stylohyoideus (Stylohyoid muscle)
• Omohyoideus
• Stylohyoid ligament (ligamentum stylohyoideus)

Gray's page #393

• Stylohyoid ligament (ligamentum stylohyoideus)
  • epihyal
• Mylohyoideus (Mylohyoid muscle)
• Geniohyoideus (Geniohyoid muscle)

infrahyoid muscles

Gray's page #393

• Sternohyoideus (Sternohyoid muscle)
• Sternothyreoideus (Sternothyroid muscle)

Gray's page #394

• Thyreohyoideus (Thyrohyoid muscle)
• Omohyoideus (Omohyoid muscle)
  • occipital triangle
  • subclavian triangle
  • carotid triangle
  • muscular triangle

the anterior vertebral muscles (Gray's s113)

Gray's page #394

• Longus colli

Gray's page #395

• Longus capitis (Rectus capitis anticus major)
• Rectus capitis anterior (Rectus capitis anticus minor)
• Rectus capitis lateralis

the lateral vertebral muscles (Gray's s114)

Gray's page #396

• Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus)
• Scalenus medius
• Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus)

the fasciae and muscles of the trunk

the deep muscles of the back (Gray's s115)

Gray's page #397

• Lumbodorsal fascia (fascia lumbodorsalis; lumbar aponeurosis and vertebral fascia)
  • nuchal fascia
• Splenius capitis
• Splenius cervicis (Splenius colli)
• Sacrospinalis (Erector spinæ)

Gray's page #399

• Iliocostalis
  • Iliocostalis lumborum (Iliocostalis muscle; Sacrolumbalis muscle)
  • Iliocostalis dorsi (Musculus accessorius)
  • Iliocostalis cervicis (Cervicalis ascendens)
• Longissimus
  • Longissimus dorsi
  • Longissimus cervicis (Transversalis cervicis)
  • Longissimus capitis (Trachelomastoid muscle)
• Spinalis
  • Spinalis dorsi

Gray's page #400

• Spinalis
  • Spinalis cervicis (Spinalis colli)
  • Spinalis capitis (Biventer cervicis)
• Semispinalis
  • Semispinalis dorsi
  • Semispinalis cervicis (Semispinalis colli)
  • Semispinalis capitis (Complexus)
    • Spinalis capitis (Biventer cervicis)
• Multifidus (Multifidus spinæ)
• Rotatores (Rotatores spinæ)
• Interspinales

Gray's page #401

• Extensor coccygis
• Intertransversarii (Intertransversales)
  • Intertransversarii anteriores
  • Intertransversarii posteriores
  • Intertransversarii laterales
  • Intertransversarii mediales

the suboccipital muscles (Gray's s116)

Gray's page #401

• Rectus capitis posterior major (Rectus capitis posticus major)
• Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor)

Gray's page #402

• Obliquus capitis inferior (Obliquus inferior)
• Obliquus capitis superior (Obliquus superior)
• Suboccipital triangle

the muscles of the thorax (Gray's s117)

Gray's page #402

• Intercostal fasciae

Gray's page #403

• Intercostales (Intercostal muscles)
  • Intercostales externi (External intercostals)
    • anterior intercostal membranes
  • Intercostales interni (Internal intercostals)
    • posterior intercostal membranes
• Subcostales (Infracostales)
• Transversus thoracis (Triangularis sterni)
• Levatores costarum
  • Levatores costarum breves

Gray's page #404

• Levatores costarum
  • Levatores costarum longi
• Serratus posterior superior (Serratus posticus superior)
• Serratus posterior inferior (Serratus posticus inferior)
• Diaphragm
• Medial lumbocostal arch (arcus lumbocostalis medialis; internal arcuate ligament)

Gray's page #405

• Lateral lumbocostal arch (arcus lumbocostalis lateralis; external arcuate ligament)
• Crura
  • right crus
  • left crus

Gray's page #406

• Central tendon
• Openings in the Diaphragm
  • aortic hiatus
  • esophageal hiatus
  • vena caval foramen
  • lesser apertures

Gray's page #407

• Respiration, mechanism of:

the muscles and fasciae of the abdomen (Gray's s118)

the anterolateral muscles

Gray's page #408

• Superficial fascia
  • superficial layer (fascia of Camper)
  • deep layer (fascia of Scarpa)

Gray's page #409

• Obliquus externus abdominis (External or descending oblique muscle)

Gray's page #410

• Obliquus externus abdominis (External or descending oblique muscle)
  • aponeurosis of the Obliquus externus abdominis
  • linea alba
  • inguinal ligament
  • lacunar ligament
  • reflected inguinal ligament
• Subcutaneous inguinal ring (annulus inguinalis subcutaneus; external abdominal ring)
  • crura of the ring
    • inferior crus (external pillar)
    • superior crus (internal pillar)
• Intercrural fibers (fibræ intercrurales; intercolumnar fibers)

Gray's page #411

• Intercrural fibers (fibræ intercrurales; intercolumnar fibers)
  • intercrural fascia
  • external spermatic fascia
• Inguinal ligament (ligamentum inguinale; Poupart’s ligament)

Gray's page #412

• Lacunar ligament (ligamentum lacunare [Gimbernati]; Gimbernat’s ligament)
• Reflected inguinal ligament (ligamentum inguinale reflexum; triangular fascia)
• Ligament of Cooper
• Obliquus internus abdominis (Internal or ascending oblique muscle)

Gray's page #413

• Obliquus internus abdominis (Internal or ascending oblique muscle)
  • inguinal aponeurotic falx

Gray's page #414

• Cremaster
  • cremasteric fascia
• Transversus abdominis (Transversalis muscle)
• inguinal aponeurotic falx (falx aponeurotica inguinalis; conjoined tendon of Internal oblique and Transversalis muscle)

Gray's page #415

• inguinal aponeurotic falx (falx aponeurotica inguinalis; conjoined tendon of Internal oblique and Transversalis muscle)
  • interfoveolar ligament of Hesselbach
• Rectus abdominis

Gray's page #416

• Rectus abdominis
  • tendinous inscriptions
  • linea semicircularis
• Pyramidalis

Gray's page #417

• Linea alba
  • adminiculum lineae albae
• Lineae semilunares

Gray's page #418

• Transversalis fascia
  • deep crural arch
• abdominal inguinal ring (annulus inguinalis abdominis; internal or deep abdominal ring)
  • infundibuliform fascia
• Inguinal canal (canalis inguinalis;