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Contents 1 the peripheral organs of the special senses 1.1 the organs of taste (Gray's s222) 1.1.1 Gray's page #991 1.1.2 Gray's page #992 1.2 the organ of smell (Gray's s223) 1.2.1 Gray's page #992 1.2.2 Gray's page #993 1.2.3 Gray's page #994 1.2.4 Gray's page #995 1.2.5 Gray's page #996 1.2.6 Gray's page #997 1.2.7 Gray's page #998 1.2.8 Gray's page #999 1.3 the organ of sight (Gray's s224) 1.3.1 Gray's page #1000 1.3.2 Gray's page #1001 1.3.3 Development of eye 1.3.3.1 Gray's page #1002 1.3.3.2 Gray's page #1003 1.3.3.3 Gray's page #1005 1.3.4 the tunics of the eye (Gray's s225) 1.3.5 Fibrous tunic (tunica fibrosa oculi) 1.3.5.1 Gray's page #1005 1.3.5.2 Gray's page #1006 1.3.5.3 Gray's page #1007 1.3.5.4 Gray's page #1008 1.3.5.5 Gray's page #1009 1.3.6 Vascular tunic (tunica vasculosa oculi) 1.3.6.1 Gray's page #1009 1.3.6.2 Gray's page #1010 1.3.6.3 Gray's page #1011 1.3.6.4 Gray's page #1012 1.3.6.5 Gray's page #1013 1.3.6.6 Gray's page #1014 1.3.7 Retina (tunica interna) 1.3.7.1 Gray's page #1014 1.3.7.2 Gray's page #1015 1.3.7.3 Gray's page #1016 1.3.7.4 Gray's page #1017 1.3.7.5 Gray's page #1018 1.3.8 the refracting media (Gray's s226) 1.3.8.1 Gray's page #1018 1.3.8.2 Gray's page #1019 1.3.8.3 Gray's page #1020 1.3.9 the accessory organs of the eye (Gray's s227) 1.3.9.1 Gray's page #1021 1.3.9.2 Gray's page #1022 1.3.9.3 Gray's page #1023 1.3.9.4 Gray's page #1024 1.3.9.5 Gray's page #1025 1.3.9.6 Gray's page #1026 1.3.9.7 Gray's page #1027 1.3.9.8 Gray's page #1028 1.3.9.9 Gray's page #1029 1.4 the organ of hearing (Gray's s228) 1.4.1 Gray's page #1029 1.4.2 Gray's page #1030 1.4.3 Gray's page #1032 1.4.4 Gray's page #1033 1.4.5 the external ear (Gray's s229) 1.4.5.1 Gray's page #1033 1.4.5.2 Gray's page #1034 1.4.5.3 Gray's page #1035 1.4.5.4 Gray's page #1036 1.4.5.5 Gray's page #1037 1.4.6 the middle ear or tympanic cavity (Gray's s230) 1.4.6.1 Gray's page #1037 1.4.6.2 Gray's page #1038 1.4.6.3 Gray's page #1039 1.4.6.4 Gray's page #1040 1.4.6.5 Gray's page #1042 1.4.6.6 Gray's page #1043 1.4.7 the auditory ossicles (Gray's s231) 1.4.7.1 Gray's page #1044 1.4.7.2 Gray's page #1045 1.4.7.3 Gray's page #1046 1.4.7.4 Gray's page #1047 1.4.8 the internal ear or labyrinth (Gray's s232) 1.4.8.1 Gray's page #1047 1.4.8.2 Gray's page #1048 1.4.8.3 Gray's page #1049 1.4.8.4 Gray's page #1050 1.4.8.5 Gray's page #1051 1.4.8.6 Gray's page #1052 1.4.8.7 Gray's page #1054 1.4.8.8 Gray's page #1055 1.4.8.9 Gray's page #1056 1.4.8.10 Gray's page #1057 1.4.8.11 Gray's page #1058 1.5 peripheral terminations of nerves of general sensations (Gray's s233) 1.5.1 Gray's page #1059 1.5.2 Gray's page #1060 1.5.3 Gray's page #1061 2 the common integument (Gray's s234) 2.1 Gray's page #1062 2.2 Gray's page #1063 2.3 Gray's page #1064 2.4 Gray's page #1065 2.5 Gray's page #1066 2.6 Gray's page #1067 2.7 Gray's page #1068 2.8 Gray's page #1069 2.9 Gray's page #1070 3 See also

the peripheral organs of the special senses

the organs of taste (Gray's s222)

Gray's page #991

• peripheral gustatory or taste organs
  • gustatory calyculi (taste-buds)
• Structure of taste bud
  • gustatory pore
  • supporting cells
  • gustatory cells

Gray's page #992

• Structure of taste bud
  • gustatory hair
• Nerves of Taste
  • chorda tympani
  • glossopharyngeal nerve

the organ of smell (Gray's s223)

Gray's page #992

• Organon Olfactorius; The Nose
• External nose (Nasus Externus; Outer nose)
  • apex
  • base
  • nares
  • columna
  • vibrissae
  • dorsum nasi
  • bridge
  • ala nasi
• Structure
  • bony frame-work
  • cartilaginous frame-work (cartilagines nasi)
  • cartilage of the septum (cartilago septi nasi)

Gray's page #993

• Structure
  • sphenoidal process
  • septum mobile nasi
  • lateral cartilage (cartilago nasi lateralis; upper lateral cartilage)
  • greater alar cartilage (cartilago alaris major; lower lateral cartilage)
  • medial wall (crus mediale)
  • septum mobile nasi
  • lateral wall (crus laterale)
  • lesser alar cartilages (cartilagines alares minores; sesamoid cartilages)

Gray's page #994

• Nasal cavity (Cavum Nasi; Nasal fossa)
  • nares
  • choanae
  • vestibule
  • olfactory region
  • respiratory region
• Lateral wall
  • nasal conchæ
  • sphenoethmoidal recess
  • superior meatus
  • middle meatus

Gray's page #995

• Lateral wall
  • atrium
  • bulla ethmoidalis
  • hiatus semilunaris
  • infundibulum
  • ostium maxillare
  • inferior meatus
• Medial wall

Gray's page #996

• Medial wall
  • nasopalatine recess
  • vomeronasal organ of Jacobson
  • vomeronasal cartilage
  • nasopalatine recess
• Mucous membrane (membrana mucosa nasi)
  • respiratory region
  • olfactory region
  • supporting cells
  • olfactory cells
  • olfactory hair
  • glands of Bowman

Gray's page #997

• Nasal aperture: veins of:
• Nose: nerves of:
• Nose: veins of:

Gray's page #998

• Accessory sinuses of the nose (Sinus paranasales)
  • Frontal sinuses (sinus frontales)
  • Ethmoidal air cells (cellulæ ethmoidales)
  • Sphenoidal sinuses (sinus sphenoidales)

Gray's page #999

• Accessory sinuses of the nose (Sinus paranasales)
  • Maxillary sinus (sinus maxillaris; antrum of Highmore)

the organ of sight (Gray's s224)

v • d • e Sensory system – Visual system – Eye Fibrous tunic (outer) Conjunctiva • Sclera • Schlemm's canal • Trabecular meshwork • Limbus Cornea (Epithelium, Bowman's, Stroma, Descemet's, Endothelium) Uvea (middle) Choroid (Ciliary processes, Choriocapillaris, Bruch's membrane) • Iris (Stroma) • Pupil • Ciliary body Retina (inner) Macula • Fovea • Optic disc • Tapetum lucidum Anterior segment Anterior chamber • Aqueous humour • Posterior chamber • Lens Posterior segment Vitreous humour • Zonule of Zinn Intraocular muscles parasympathetic (Ciliary muscle, Iris sphincter muscle) • sympathetic (Iris dilator muscle) Other Tenon's capsule

Gray's page #1000

• bulb of the eye (bulbus oculi; eyeball), or organ of sight
• fascia bulbi

Gray's page #1001

• anterior pole
• posterior pole
• optic axis

Development of eye

• optic vesicles
  • optic stalk
  • lens vesicle
  • optic cup

Gray's page #1002

• optic vesicles
  • choroidal fissure
  • coloboma
• retina
  • pars ciliaris and pars iridica retinae
• optic nerve
  • optic chiasma
• crystalline lens

Gray's page #1003

• crystalline lens
  • capsula vasculosa lentis
  • pupillary membrane
• vitreous body

Gray's page #1005

• anterior chamber
• sclera
• choroid
• eyelids
• lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct
  • nasoöptic furrow
  • epithelium
  • eyelashes

the tunics of the eye (Gray's s225)

Fibrous tunic (tunica fibrosa oculi)

Gray's page #1005

• Sclera
  • spatium perichorioideale
  • suprachorioidea
  • lamina cribrosa sclerae
  • venae vorticosae
  • sclero-corneal junction
  • sinus venosus sclerae (canal of Schlemm)

Gray's page #1006

• Sclera
  • trabecular tissue (Trabecular meshwork)
• Cornea

Gray's page #1007

• Cornea
  • sulcus circularis corneae
  • iridial angle or filtration angle
  • scleral spur
  • Structure of cornea
    • corneal epithelium (epithelium corneæ anterior layer)
    • substantia propria

Gray's page #1008

• Cornea
  • Structure of cornea
    • corneal spaces
    • corneal corpuscle
    • anterior elastic lamina (lamina elastica anterior; anterior limiting layer; Bowman’s membrane)
    • posterior elastic lamina (lamina elastica posterior; membrane of Descemet; membrane of Demours)

Gray's page #1009

• Cornea
  • Structure of cornea
    • spaces of the angle of the iris (spaces of Fontana)
    • pectinate ligament of the iris
    • endothelium of the anterior chamber (endothelium cameræ anterioris; posterior layer; corneal endothelium)

Vascular tunic (tunica vasculosa oculi)

Gray's page #1009

• Choroid (chorioidea)

Gray's page #1010

• Choroid (chorioidea)
  • lamina suprachorioidea
  • choroid proper
    • outer layer (lamina vasculosa)
      • venae vorticosae
    • inner layer (lamina choriocapillaris)
      • stratum intermedium
  • Tapetum
• Ciliary body (corpus ciliare)
  • orbiculus ciliaris
  • ciliary processes (processus ciliares)

Gray's page #1011

• Ciliary body (corpus ciliare)
  • ciliary processes (processus ciliares)
    • pars ciliaris retinae
  • Ciliaris muscle (m. ciliaris; Bowman's muscle)
    • meridional fibers and circular fibers

Gray's page #1012

• Iris
  • pupil
  • anterior chamber
  • posterior chamber

Gray's page #1013

• Iris
  • stroma (stroma iridis)
  • muscular fibers
    • circular fibers
    • radiating fibers
  • pars iridica retinae (uvea)

Gray's page #1014

• Iris
  • membrana pupillaris

Retina (tunica interna)

Gray's page #1014

• ora serrata

Gray's page #1015

• pars ciliaris retinae and pars iridica retinae
• rhodopsin or visual purple
• macula lutea
• fovea centralis
• optic disk
• colliculus nervi optici
• blind spot
• Structure of retina
  • pigmented layer
• Retina proper
  • stratum opticum or layer of nerve fibers

Gray's page #1016

• Retina proper
  • ganglionic layer
  • inner plexiform layer
  • inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules
    • bipolar cells

Gray's page #1017

• Retina proper
  • inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules
    • rod bipolars
    • cone bipolars
    • horizontal cells
    • amacrine cells
  • outer plexiform layer
  • outer nuclear layer or layer of outer granules
    • rod granules
    • cone granules
  • Layer of rods and cones (Jacob's membrane)
    • rods
    • cones
• Supporting Frame-work of the Retina
  • sustentacular fibers of Müller
  • membrana limitans interna
  • membrana limitans externa
• Macula lutea and Fovea centralis

Gray's page #1018

• Macula lutea and Fovea centralis
  • ora serrata
  • pars ciliaris retinae
  • pars iridica retinae or uvea
  • arteria centralis retinae

the refracting media (Gray's s226)

Gray's page #1018

• Aqueous humor (humor aqueus)
• Vitreous body (corpus vitreum)
  • hyaloid fossa
  • hyaloid membrane
  • hyaloid canal
  • zonula ciliaris (zonule of Zinn)
  • suspensory ligament of the lens

Gray's page #1019

• Vitreous body (corpus vitreum)
  • spatia zonularis (canal of Petit)
• Crystalline lens (lens crystallina)
  • capsule of the lens (capsula lentis)
  • lens
  • lens, poles of:

Gray's page #1020

• Crystalline lens (lens crystallina)
  • radii lentis

the accessory organs of the eye (Gray's s227)

Gray's page #1021

• Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
  • Levator palpebræ superioris

Gray's page #1022

• Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
  • Recti
    • Rectus inferior
    • Rectus internus
    • Rectus lateralis
    • Rectus superior
    • Rectus medialis
  • annulus tendineus communis
    • ligament of Zinn or tendon of Zinn
    • superior tendon of Lockwood
  • Obliquus oculi superior (superior oblique)

Gray's page #1023

• Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
  • Obliquus oculi inferior (inferior oblique)

Gray's page #1024

• Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
  • Orbitalis muscle
• Fascia bulb (capsule of Ténon)
  • periscleral lymph space
  • medial check ligament and lateral check ligament

Gray's page #1025

• Fascia bulb (capsule of Ténon)
  • suspensory ligament of the eye
• Orbital fascia
• Eyebrows (supercilia)
• Eyelids (palpebræ)
  • palpebral fissure (rima palpebrarum)
  • palpebral commissures or canthi
    • lateral palpebral commissure (commissura palpebrarum lateralis; external canthus)
    • medial palpebral commissure (commissura palpebrarum medialis; internal canthus)
  • lacus lacrimalis
  • lacrimal papilla
  • punctum lacrimale
• eyelashes (cilia)
  • ciliary glands
• Structure of the Eyelids
• integument
• subcutaneous areolar tissue
• palpebral fibers of the Orbicularis oculi
• tarsi (tarsal plates)
  • superior tarsus (tarsus superior; superior tarsal plate)
  • inferior tarsus (tarsus inferior; inferior tarsal plate)

Gray's page #1026

• orbital septum (septum orbitale; palpebral ligament)
• Tarsal glands (glandulæ tarsales [Meibomi]; Meibomian glands)
• conjunctiva

Gray's page #1027

• conjunctiva
  • Palpebral portion (tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum)
    • plica semilunaris
    • superior fornix
    • inferior fornix
  • Bulbar portion (tunica conjunctiva bulbi)

Gray's page #1028

• trachoma glands
• caruncula lacrimalis
  • lacus lacrimalis
  • plica semilunaris
• Lacrimal apparatus (apparatus lacrimalis)
  • Lacrimal gland (glandula lacrimalis)
    • superior lacrimal gland
    • inferior lacrimal gland
  • Lacrimal ducts (ductus lacrimalis; lacrimal canals)
    • puncta lacrimalia
    • papillae lacrimales
    • superior duct
    • inferior duct
    • ampullae
  • Lacrimal sac (saccus lacrimalis)

Gray's page #1029

• Lacrimal apparatus (apparatus lacrimalis)
  • Nasolacrimal duct (ductus nasolacrimalis; nasal duct)
    • plica lacrimalis (Hasneri)

the organ of hearing (Gray's s228)

v • d • e Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems Outer ear Pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Earlobe) • Ear canal Middle ear Eardrum (Umbo) • Ossicles (Malleus, Incus & Stapes) • muscles (Stapedius, Tensor tympani) • Eustachian tube (Torus tubarius) Inner ear/Labyrinth Bony labyrinth (Vestibule) • Membranous labyrinth Oval window → Scala vestibuli / Reissner's/vestibular membrane, Helicotrema and Scala tympani / Basilar membrane (Perilymph) → Round window Cochlea: Modiolus • Cochlear duct / scala media (Endolymph, Stria vascularis, Spiral ligament), Olivocochlear system Organ of Corti: Stereocilia • Tectorial membrane • Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus) • Limbus spiralis to brain (auditory) Hair cells → Spiral ganglion → Cochlear nerve VIII → Cochlear nuclei → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei → Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi → Medial geniculate nuclei → Auditory radiations → Primary auditory cortex Vestibular system Static/translations: Utricle (Macula) – Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac, Endolymphatic duct) – Kinocilium – Otolith Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal) • Cupula • Ampullae (Crista ampullaris) to brain (vestibular) Vestibular nerve VIII → Vestibular nuclei, Flocculonodular lobe Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract, Ventral posterolateral nucleus → Vestibular cortex

Gray's page #1029

• ear
• auditory plate
• auditory pit

Gray's page #1030

• auditory vesicle

Gray's page #1032

• Labyrinth: development of:

Gray's page #1033

• middle ear
• auditory tube
• malleus
• incus
• stapes
• external acoustic meatus
• acoustic nerve
• vestibular ganglion
• spiral ganglion

the external ear (Gray's s229)

Gray's page #1033

• external ear
• auricula (pinna)
  • Helix
  • auricular tubercle of Darwin
  • antihelix

Gray's page #1034

• auricula (pinna)
  • fossa triangularis
  • concha
  • crus
  • cymba conchae
  • cavum conchae
  • tragus
  • intertragic notch
  • antitragus
  • lobule
  • eminentia conchae
  • eminentia triangularis
• Structure of auricula
  • cartilage of the auricula (cartilago auriculæ; cartilage of the pinna)
    • spina helicis
    • cauda helicis
    • fissura antitragohelicina
    • sulcus antihelicis transversus
    • ponticulus

Gray's page #1035

• Structure of auricula
  • ligaments of the auricula (ligamenti auricularia; ligaments of the pinna)
  • Extrinsic muscles of external ear
    • Auricularis anterior (Attrahens aurem)
    • Auricularis superior (Attolens aurem)
    • Auricularis posterior (Retrahens aurem)
  • Intrinsic muscles of external ear
    • Helicis major
    • Helicis minor
    • Tragicus
    • Antitragicus
    • Transversus auriculae
    • Obliquus auriculae

Gray's page #1036

• External acoustic meatus (meatus acusticus externus; external auditory canal or meatus)
  • isthmus
  • cartilaginous portion (meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus)
  • osseous portion (meatus acusticus externus osseus)

Gray's page #1037

• External acoustic meatus (meatus acusticus externus; external auditory canal or meatus)
  • tympanic sulcus
  • annulus tympanicus
  • ceruminous glands

the middle ear or tympanic cavity (Gray's s230)

Gray's page #1037

• middle ear

Gray's page #1038

• tympanic cavity proper
• epitympanic recess
• Tegmental wall or Roof (paries tegmentalis)
  • tegmen tympani
• Jugular wall or Floor (paries jugularis)
  • fundus tympani
• Membranous or Lateral wall (paries membranacea; outer wall)
  • notch of Rivinus
  • iter chordae posterius (apertura tympanica canaliculi chordae)
  • petrotympanic fissure (fissura petrotympanica; Glaserian fissure)

Gray's page #1039

• Membranous or Lateral wall (paries membranacea; outer wall)
  • iter chordae anterius (canal of Huguier)
• Tympanic membrane (membrana tympani)
  • fibrocartilaginous ring
  • tympanic sulcus
  • malleolar folds
  • pars flaccida
  • umbo
• Structure
  • cutaneous stratum
  • fibrous stratum

Gra