 |
|
| Type | State-owned |
|---|---|
| Industry | Petroleum industry |
| Founded | 1948 |
| Headquarters |  Tehran, Iran |
| Key people | Gholam Hossein Nozari, Minister of Petroleum Seyfollah Jashnsaz, Managing Director Abdol-Mohammad Delparish, COO Abbas Allahdad, CFO |
| Products | Oil Gas Petrochemicals |
| Revenue | $51 bn USD (2007) [12] |
| Website | www.nioc.ir |
The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran, is an oil and natural gas producer and distributor headquartered in Tehran. It was established in 1951. Petroleum Intelligence Weekly ranks NIOC as the world's second largest oil company, after Saudi Arabia's state-owned Aramco.[1]
NIOC was established with the objective of the exploration, development, production, marketing and sales of crude oil and natural gas. NIOC's oil and gas reserves in early 2005 was as follows;[2]
- Recoverable liquid hydrocarbon reserves in early 2005, 136.99 billion barrels (21.780 × 109 m3, 10% of world's total).
- Recoverable gas reserves in early 2005 , 28.17 × 1012 m3 (15% of world's total).
Current NIOC production capacities include over 4 million barrels (640×103 m3) of crude oil and in excess of 500 million cubic meters of natural gas per day. In 2008, the average extraction cost of oil was less than $5 per barrel. This does not include processing (refining) and distribution costs.[3]
Iran’s cumulative oil production has reached to 61 billion barrels by the end of 2007[4], most of these volume produced after 1951, under the supervision of NIOC.
The company benefits from its modern extensive facilities on the three islands of Kharg, Lavan and Sirri consisting of 17 jetties capable of berthing tankers of all sizes to lift and export its crude oil. Iran's overall export crude oil was valued at $52 billion in 2007.[5] As of 2005 it also owns 50% of the offshore gas field of Rhum in the North Sea, which is Britain's largest untapped gas field.
NIOC produces 50-80% of its industrial equipment domestically including refineries, oil tankers, oil rigs, offshore platforms and exploration instruments [6][7].
| Field's Name | Thousand barrels per day |
Thousand cubic meters per day |
|---|---|---|
| (onshore) | ||
| Ahwaz (Asmari Formation) | 700 | 110 |
| Gachsaran | 560 | 89 |
| Marun | 520 | 83 |
| Bangestan | 245 | 39.0 |
| AghaJari | 200 | 32 |
| Karanj-Parsi | 200 | 32 |
| Rag-e-Safid | 180 | 29 |
| BibiHakimeh | 130 | 21 |
| Darquin | 100 | 16 |
| Pazanan | 70 | 11 |
| (offshore) | ||
| Dorood | 130 | 21 |
| Salman | 130 | 21 |
| Abuzar | 125 | 19.9 |
| Sirri A&E | 95 | 15.1 |
| Soroush/Nowruz | 60 | 9.5 |
Contents |
History
National Iranian Oil Company was established in 1951 under the leadership of then Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh when the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company was nationalized. Following the 1953 coup that overthrew Mossadegh it became a consortium of international oil companies: 40% owned by Anglo-Iranian holding, five American companies holding 40%, and the Royal Dutch/Shell and Compagnie Francaise de Petroles holding 10% each. The consortium shared profits 50-50 with Iran but did "not to open its books to Iranian auditors or to allow Iranians onto its board of directors." [8] According to the company's Web site: The victory of the Islamic revolution annulled the Consortium Agreement of 1954 and all regulations pertaining to it. The taking of power by the Islamic Republic led to the withdrawal of foreign employees from Iran's oil industry; domestic employees took full control of its affairs.[9]
NIOC's Oil Reserves
According to OPEC, NIOC recoverable liquid hydrocarbon reserves at the end of 2006 was 138,4 billion barrels.[4]
NIOC oil reserves at the beginning of 2001 was reported to be about 99 billion barrels[4], however in 2002 the result of NICO’s study showed huge reserves upgrade adding about 31,7 billion barrels of recoverable reserves to the Iranian oil reserves.
After 2003 Iran has made some significant discoveries which lead to addition of another 7.7 billion barrels of oil to the recoverable reserves of Iran.[10]
In April 2006 the Fars News Agency reported that Iran has begun plans to create an SPR. The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) has begun construction of 15 crude oil storage tanks with a planned capacity of 10 million barrels.[11]
Table 1- The five biggest NIOC oil fields;[12]
| Rank | Field Name | Formation | Initial Oil in Place (Billion Barrels) |
Initial Recoverable Reserves (Billion Barrels) |
Production
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ahwaz | Asmari & Bangestan | 65.5 | 25.5 | 945 |
| 2 | Maroun | Asmari | 46.7 | 21.9 | 520 |
| 3 | Aghajari | Asmari & Bangestan | 30.2 | 17.4 | 200 |
| 4 | Gachsaran | Asmari & Bangestan | 52.9 | 16.2 | 560 |
| 5 | Karanj | Asmari & Bangestan | 11.2 | 5,7 | 200 |
NIOC's Gas Reserves
NIOC holds about 1,000×1012 cu ft (28,000 km3) of proven Natural gas reserves of which 36% are as associated gas and 64% is in non associated gas fields. It stands for world's second largest reserves after Russia.[13]
NIOC’s ten biggest Non-Associated Gas Fields;
| Field's Name | Gas In Place Tcf | Recoverable Reserve Tcf |
|---|---|---|
| South Pars | 500 | 322 |
| North Pars[15] | 60 | 47 |
| Kish[16] | 60 | 45 |
| Golshan[17] | 55 | 25 - 45 |
| Tabnak | NA | 21,2 |
| Kangan | NA | 20,1 |
| Khangiran | NA | 16,8 |
| Nar | NA | 13 |
| Aghar | NA | 11,6 |
| Farsi (B-Structure) | NA | 11 - 22 |
Recent Discoveries
Since 1995, National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) has made significant oil and gas discoveries, standing for some 84-billion-barrel (1.34×1010 m3) of oil in place and at least 175×1012 cu ft (5,000 km3) of gas in place, which are listed below.[18]
| Field's Name | Oil In Place | Recoverable Oil | Discovery Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Billion Barrel | Billion Barrel | ||
| Azadegan | 33.2 | 5.2 | |
| Yadavaran (Kushk+Hosseinieh) | 17 | 3 | |
| Ramin [20] | 7.398 | 1.11 | 2007 |
| South Pars Oil Layer | 6 | NA | |
| Band-E-Karkeh [21][22] | 4.5 | NA | 2007 |
| Mansour Abad | 4.45 | NA | 2007 |
| Changoleh [23] | 2.7 | NA | |
| Azar[23][24] | 2.07 | NA | 2007 |
| Paranj | 1.6 | NA | 2007 |
| Andimeshk (Balaroud)[25] | 1.1 | 0.233 | 2007 |
| Binalood[26] | 0.776 | 0.099 | 2008 |
| Mansouri-Khami layer[24] | 0.760 | NA | |
| Jofeyr-Fahliyan layer[27][28] | 0.750 | NA | 2008 |
| Asaluyeh[29] | 0.525 | NA | 2008 |
| Arvand[30] | 0.500 | NA | 2008 |
| Tusan | 0.470 | NA | 2006 |
| Arash | 0.168 | NA | |
| Total | 83.967 | NA |
| Field's Name | Gas in Place | Recoverable Gas Reserve | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trillion cubic feet | Billion cubic meters | Trillion cubic feet | Billion cubic meters | |
| Kish[16] | 59 | 1,700 | 47 | 1,300 |
| Tabnak | 30 | 850 | NA | |
| Farsi (B-Structure)[32] | NA | 11-23 | 310-650 | |
| Ghir (Sefid Zakhur) | 11.4 | 320 | 8.5 | 240 |
| Yadavaran-Gas Layer | 9.75 | 276 | NA | |
| Lavan | 9.1 | 260 | NA | |
| Balal-Dahroum Formation | 8.8 | 250 | NA | |
| Homa | 7.6 | 220 | NA | |
| Marun Gas Layer | 6.2 | 180 | NA | |
| Gardan | 5.7 | 160 | NA | |
| Day | 4.4 | 120 | NA | |
| Binak Gas Layer | 3.5 | 99 | NA | |
| Karanj Gas Layer | 2.9 | 82 | NA | |
| BiBi hakime Gas Layer | 2.4 | 68 | NA | |
| Zireh | 1 | 28 | NA | |
| Kuh-e-Asmari(Masjed Soleiman)[33] | 1 | 28 | 0.739 | 20.9 |
| Arash | 0.79 | 22 | NA | |
| Kheyr Abad | 0.17 | 4.8 | NA | |
| Total | 170 | 4,800 | NA | |
Organizational structure
The company is completely owned by Iranian government. NIOC's General Assembly consisting of the President, Vice President, Director General of the Management and Planning Organization, Ministers of Oil, Energy, Industries and Mines, Labor and Social Affairs, Economy and Finance is its highest decision marking body, determining the company's general policy guide lines, and approving the annual budgets, operations and financial statements and balance sheets. The company's Board of Directors has the authority and major responsibilities to approve the operational schemes within the general framework ratified by the General Assembly, approve transactions and contracts, and prepare budgets and Board reports and annual balance sheets for presentation to the General Assembly.
The Board supervises the implementation of general policy guidelines defined by the General Assembly, and pursues executive operations via the company's Managing Director.
Subsidiary Companies
With appropriate division of tasks and delegation of responsibilities to subsidiaries- affiliates, NIOC has been able to establish acceptable degrees of coordination within its organizational set up. In fact, NIOC's Directors act primarily in policy making and supervision while subsidiaries act as their executive arm in coordinating an array of operations such as exploration, drilling, production and delivery of crude oil and natural gas, for export and domestic consumption.
The NIOC's subsidiaries are as follows:
- Iranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC) - in charge of offshore oil fields in the Persian Gulf
- Central Iranian Oil Fields Company
- National Iranian Gas Export Co.
- Iran LNG Company
- National Iranian South Oil Co. - in charge of onshore oilfields in southern Iran
- National Iranian Central Oil Co.
- Khazar Oil Exploration and Production Co. - in charge of Iran's Caspian Sea sector
- Petroleum Engineering and Development Co.(PEDEC)
- Pars Oil and Gas Co. - in charge of the offshore North and South Pars gas fields
- Pars Special Economic Energy Zone Co.
- National Iranian Oil Terminals Co. - has four transport hubs that load more than 2,000 oil tankers per year.[34] Iran earned nearly $2 billion in 2009 from bunkering ships in the Persian Gulf (25% market share).[35]
- National Iranian Drilling Co.
- North Drilling Co.
- Iran Petro Development Co.
- Ahwaz Pipe Mills Company
- Iranian Fuel Conservation Organization
- National Iranian Tanker Company - controls the second largest fleet of tankers in OPEC.
- Exploration Service Company (ESC)
- Kala Naft (London) Ltd. - procurement
- Kala Naft (Canada) Ltd. - procurement
- Naftiran Intertrade Co. (Switzerland) - trading & swaps
- Petropars - General contractor for the oil&gas industry
- PetroIran - General contractor (off-shore)
- Iranian Oil Company (UK) - Rhum gasfield
- Iranian Offshore Engineering and Construction Company (IOEC) - Joint venture with IDRO
- Aravandan Oil & Gas Company
NIOC's major domestic contractors
- Karoun Drilling & Field Services
- IDRO - Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran
- Bakhtar Petrochemical Company
- Tehran Berkeley
- Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Petrochemical Company (RAMPCO)
- Petrochemical Industries Erection & Construction Company (ECC)[36]
- Kalayeh Naft Company[36]
- Shaid Shah Abadani Industries Company (SANAM)[36]
- Nargan Consulting Engineers[36]
- Afaq Ghadeer Engineering Company[36]
- Oil Industries Engineering & Construction (OIEC)[36]
- Oriental Kish
- Radira Engineering & Construction Co.
- Chegalesh Consulting Engineers Co.[37]
- Namvaran co.[37]
- Sazeh Consultants
- Payandan
- Qeshm Energy
- Oil Industries Development
- Zagros Petrochemical Company
- Khatam Al-Anbia Construction Co.[38]
- Sadid Industrial Group
- Petrochemical Industries Design and Engineering Company (PIDEC)[39]
See also
- International rankings of Iran
- Ministry of Petroleum of Iran
- List of Iranian companies
- Economy of Iran
- Eilat Ashkelon Pipeline Company - used to be 50% in control of NIOC and the focus of a dispute between Israel and Iran.
References
- ^ PIW Ranks The World's Top Oil Companies
- ^ NIOC Website
- ^ http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3313/html/economy.htm
- ^ a b c OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2006
- ^ ISNA - 01-03-2007 - 85/10/13 - Service: / Energy / News ID: 855495
- ^ http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3265/html/economy.htm
- ^ Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 04/29/07
- ^ Kinzer, Stephen, All the Shah's Men : An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror, Stephen Kinzer, John Wiley and Sons, 2003, p.195-6
- ^ NIOC Website Brief History of Iran Oil Company
- ^ NIOC Recent Discoveries
- ^ http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Iran/pdf.pdf
- ^ The 8th IIES International Conference “Energy Security and New Challenges”, held in 29-30 November 2003, IRIB Conference Center, Tehran, Iran [1]
- ^ Iran Oil Ministry Annual Bulletin, 5th Edition, pages 190-193 (available in persian)(كتاب نفت و توسعه).[2]
- ^ Iran Oil Ministry Annual Bulletin, 5th Edition, pages 190-193 (available in persian)(كتاب نفت و توسعه).[3] and Iran Energy Balance Sheet (ترازنامه انرژی ایران ) (available in Persian) Published by; Iran’s Energy Ministry, Secretariat of Energy and Electricity,2000 [4]
- ^ POGC Website
- ^ a b NIOC Website
- ^ POGC Website
- ^ Iran Oil Ministry Annual Bulletin, 5th Edition, pages 190-193 (available in persian)(كتاب نفت و توسعه).[5] and Iran Energy Balance Sheet (ترازنامه انرژی ایران ) (available in Persian), Pages 132 & 175, Published by; Iran’s Energy Ministry, Secretariat of Energy and Electricity,2006 [6]
- ^ Iran Oil Ministry Annual Bulletin, 5th Edition, pages 190-193 (available in persian)(كتاب نفت و توسعه).[7] and Iran Energy Balance Sheet (ترازنامه انرژی ایران ) (available in Persian), Page 132, Published by; Iran’s Energy Ministry, Secretariat of Energy and Electricity,2006 [8]
- ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),April 23, 2005
- ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),25/4/2009
- ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),25/4/2009
- ^ a b NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Sahan.ir),October 15, 2007
- ^ a b NIOC Official Web Site,(www.NIOC.ir)
- ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir)
- ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir)
- ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir)
- ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),July 02, 2008
- ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir)
- ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir)
- ^ Iran Oil Ministry Annual Bulletin, 5th Edition, pages 190-193 (available in persian)(كتاب نفت و توسعه).[9] and Iran Energy Balance Sheet (ترازنامه انرژی ایران ) (available in Persian), Page 175, Published by; Iran’s Energy Ministry, Secretariat of Energy and Electricity,2006 [10]
- ^ IHS International Oil Letter, Vol 24 issue 6, published 15 February 2008 [11]
- ^ Shana.ir, 2008 April 17
- ^ http://www.upi.com/Energy_Resources/2009/09/21/Irans-oil-terminals-move-to-private-hands/UPI-60211253548800/
- ^ http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20091225071139/Iran:Bunkering%20revenue%20reaches%20$844m?cc&pass=1
- ^ a b c d e f http://web.archive.org/web/20070928000413/http://www.atiehbahar.com/Resources/Oil&Gas.htm
- ^ a b http://en.niordc.ir/index.aspx?siteid=77&siteid=77&pageid=979
- ^ http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3295/html/economy.htm
- ^ http://tehrantimes.com/Index_view.asp?code=213747
External links
- NIOC - Official Site
- SHANA - Official News Service for Oil and Gas in Iran
- PEDEC - Official Site
- Oil & Gas Industry in Iran - Brief Study (2003)
- US Department of Energy - Iran
- Australian Trade - Industry Profile for the Oil Sector in Iran
- Iran Oil & Gas Resources
- National Iranian Oil Company's Information Center & Central Library
- UN Comtrade - Iran crude oil exports stats
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