Oskemen
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Öskemen (Kazakh: Өскемен) or Ust-Kamenogorsk (Russian: Усть-Каменого́рск) is the administratove center of the East Kazakhstan Province of Kazakhstan. It is served by the Ust-Kamenogorsk Airport. Population: 303,720 (2009 Census results);[2]310,950 (1999 Census results).[2]
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History []
Founded in 1720 at the confluence of the Irtysh and Ulba rivers as a fort and trading post named Ust-Kamennaya.[3] The city was established in 1720 according to the order of the Russian Emperor Peter the Great, who sent a military expedition headed by major Ivan Vasilievich Likharev in the search of Yarkenda gold. Likharev’s expedition directed up the Irtysh river to Zaysan Lake. There, at the confluence of the Ulba and the Irtysh rivers the new fortress was laid – the Ust-Kamennaya Fortress. The Ust-Kamennaya Fortress appeared on the map of the Russian Empire, the very southern end of the Irtysh line.[4] In 1868 the city became the capital of the Semipalatinsk Oblast. It was the site of Georgy Malenkov's 30-year internal exile, during which he managed a local hydroelectric plant.[5]
The city developed into a major mining and metallurgical center during the Soviet period. Mining of non-ferrous metals, especially uranium, beryllium, tantalum, copper, lead, silver and zinc remain important. It is a center for the construction industry producing manufactured housing and ferroconcrete articles. The post-war industrial history of the city is very closely intertwined with the Soviet nuclear bomb project, and the city was therefore kept closed to outsiders. One of the main industrial enterprises, the Ulba Metal Works (UMW) which produced and still produce uranium products, was kept entirely secret despite it employing thousands of workers. An explosion at the UMW's beryllium production line in 1990 led to the diffusion of a highly toxic beryllium-containing "cloud" over the city. The health effects of this incident are not entirely known, partly due to the fact that the incident was kept secret by the Soviet authorities.
Economy []
Under the name of the Ust-Kamenogorsk Lock, the highest lock in the world lies at Ablaketka where it allows river traffic to pass around a hydroelectric dam on the Irtysh river. It has a drop of more than 40m.[6]
Since the opening of the Three Gorges locks, the upper lock of that five-lock cascade is theoretically on a par with this lock, but its full drop will be used only in extreme cases, while the Ust-Kamenogorsk lock is designed for permanent use at this height.
Sports []
- Kazzinc-Torpedo: an ice hockey team. Alma mater of NHL players: Nikolai Antropov, Vitaly Kolesnik, Konstantin Pushkarev, Alexander Perezhogin and Evgeni Nabokov. Kazzinc-Torpedo is currently playing in Russian Vysshaya Liga.
- FC Vostok: football club, currently playing in Kazakhstan First Division
- The city sent a bandy team to the Spartakiade 2009 and finished third.[7]
Religion []
There are 32 religious unions, presenting 15 religious confessions, including Muslim, Christian and non-traditional religions. There are 21 cultural buildings in the city: among them mosques and Orthodox Christian churches.[8]
Transport []
Sister cities []
Oskemen is twinned with:
Babruysk, Belarus
Gangneung, South Korea (2011)
Bursa, Turkey (2011)
Yokneam, Israel (2012)
Barnaul, Russia (2012)
Notable residents []
- Max Birbraer, ice hockey player (Right Wing) currently playing for the Cardiff Devils of the Elite Ice Hockey League.
- Anton Khudobin, ice hockey player (Goalie) currently playing for the Boston Bruins of the NHL.
- Nik Antropov, ice hockey player (Centre) currently playing for the Winnipeg Jets of the NHL.
- Georgy Malenkov, former Premier of the Soviet Union; exiled by Nikita Khrushchev to Oskemen to manage the hydroelectric plant after an abortive coup plot.
- Evgeni Nabokov, ice hockey player (Goalie) currently playing for the New York Islanders of the NHL.
See also []
Notes []
- ^ "Cities & towns of Kazakhstan". Pop-stat.mashke.org. February 25, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
- ^ a b "Население Республики Казахстан" (in Russian). Департамент социальной и демографической статистики. Retrieved 3 June 2012.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica on-line
- ^ "Информация о городе". www.oskemen.kz. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
- ^ Monday, Jul. 22, 1957 (July 22, 1957). "RUSSIA: The Quick & the Dead". TIME. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
- ^ "Latest". Waterways World. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
- ^ "Спартакиада-2009. - Фотоальбом - Сайт болельщиков ХК "Акжайык"". Akghaik.ucoz.ru. March 18, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
- ^ "Domestic policy". www.oskemen.kz. April 19, 2001. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
