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The Paal-Knorr synthesis is a reaction where 1,4-diketones are converted to either furans, thiophenes or pyrroles. The reaction is named after Carl Paal and Ludwig Knorr [1] [2] [3].
The furan synthesis requires an acid catalyst [4]:
In the pyrrole synthesis a tertiary amine participates:
and in that of thiophene for instance the compound phosphorus pentasulfide:
References
- ^ Carl Paal (1885). "Synthese von Thiophen- und Pyrrolderivaten". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 18 (1): 367–371. doi:.
- ^ Ludwig Knorr. (1885). "Einwirkung des Diacetbernsteinsäureesters auf Ammoniak und primäre Aminbasen". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 18 (1): 299–311. doi:.
- ^ "Paal-Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis" .
- ^ Heterocyclic chemistry T.L. Gilchrist ISBN 0-582-01421-2
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 13 September 2008, at 12:46.
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