This MedLibrary.org supplementary page on Pantethine is provided directly from the open source Wikipedia as a service to our readers. Please see the note below on authorship of this content, as well as the Wikipedia usage guidelines. To search for other content from our encyclopedia supplement, please use the form below:
Related Sponsors
| Pantethine | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| IUPAC name | N-[2-[2-[2-[3-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-butanoyl)aminopropanoylamino ]ethyldisulfanyl]ethylcarbamoyl]ethyl]-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-butanamide |
| Other names | Bis-pantethine Co-enzyme pantethine |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [16816-67-4] |
| PubChem | |
| SMILES |
|
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C22H42N4O8S2 |
| Molar mass | 554.723 g/mol |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references |
|
Pantethine (bis-pantethine or co-enzyme pantethine) is a dimeric form of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). It is composed of two molecules of pantothenic acid linked by cysteamine bridging groups. The monomer of this compound is known as pantetheine and is an intermediate in the production of Coenzyme A by the body. Pantethine is considered the more biologically active form of vitamin B5, but it is less stable, decomposing over time if it is not kept refrigerated. Most vitamin B5 supplements are therefore in the form of calcium pantothenate, a salt of pantothenic acid.
Dietary supplementation
Pantethine is available as a dietary supplement because of evidence of its health benefits. In multiple clinical trials of patients with elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol were decreased by 12%, triglycerides decreased by 18%, and HDL cholesterol was increased by 9%.citation needed These clinical trials were conducted with daily intakes ranging from 600 to 1200 mg/day. Within this dose range there is no evidence of a dose-effect relationship, i.e. changes in lipid concentrations overlapped across the range of doses. Direct dose-response evidence is not available because no trial tested more than one dose. A few trials tested 300 mg/day [1] with more modest but still statistically significant results.citation needed
Physiological effects
Although pantethine can serve as a precursor for generation of vitamin B5, this is not thought to be the mechanism of action. Vitamin B5 requirements are on the order of 5 mg/day. Effective pantethine intakes are in the range of 600 to 1200 mg/day. Mega-dosing of vitamin B5 does not have the same lipid consequences as pantethine.citation needed
Two mechanisms of action are proposed for pantethine.[1] In the first, pantethine serves as the precursor for synthesis of coenzyme A. In the second, pantethine is converted to two pantetheine molecules which are in turn metabolized to form two pantethenic acid and two cysteamine molecules. Cysteamine is theorized to bind to and thus inactivate sulfur-containing amino acids in liver enzymes involved in the production of cholesterol and triglycerides.
References
- ^ McCarty MF. Medical Hypotheses 2001;56(3):314-317.
|
||||||||||||||
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 10 September 2008, at 12:58.
Wikipedia Authorship and Review
Wikipedia content provided here is not reviewed directly by MedLibrary.org. Wikipedia content is authored by an open community of volunteers and is not produced by or in any way affiliated with MedLibrary.org.
Wikipedia Usage Guidelines
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article on "Pantethine".
The URL for this specific entry is:
All Wikipedia text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details). Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.