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Piss Christ is a controversial photograph by American photographer Andres Serrano. It depicts a small plastic crucifix submerged in a glass of the artist's urine. The piece was a winner of the Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art's "Awards in the Visual Arts" competition,[1] which is sponsored in part by the National Endowment for the Arts, a United States Government agency that offers support and funding for artistic projects.
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Controversy
The piece caused a scandal when it was exhibited in 1989, with detractors, including United States Senators Al D'Amato and Jesse Helms, outraged that Serrano received $15,000 from the taxpayer-funded National Endowment for the Arts for the work. Supporters argue the Piss Christ is an issue of artistic freedom and freedom of speech. The journal Arts & Opinion describes the controversy as "a clash between the interests of artists in freedom of expression on the one hand, and the hurt such works may cause to a section of the community on the other."[2]
Sister Wendy Beckett, an art critic and Catholic nun, stated in a television interview with Bill Moyers that she regarded the work as not blasphemous but a statement on "what we have done to Christ" - that is, the way contemporary society has come to regard Christ and the values he represents.[3]
Serrano produced other similar works, without government funding, to much less controversy; Madonna and Child II (1989), for example, in which the subject is similarly submerged in urine, is not nearly as well known.
Some have alleged that the government funding of Piss Christ violated separation of church and state.[4][5][6]
Piss Christ was included in "Down by Law," a "show within a show" on identity politics and disobedience that formed part of the 2006 Whitney Biennial. The BBC documentary Damned in the USA explored the controversy surrounding Piss Christ.
In popular culture
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This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (February 2008) |
Musical acts including Fear Factory, The Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy, Momus, Loudon Wainwright III, and The Foremen have lyrically referenced it. The Manic Street Preachers had originally intended to use Piss Christ for the cover of their debut album, Generation Terrorists. However, their record label wanted to avoid any religious controversy, and the royalty was deemed excessive.
Similar religious controversies
Visual arts
- The controversial exhibition Ecce Homo
- Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
- Strelnikoff Mary of Help of Brezje controversy
- Chris Ofili and his Sacred Virgin Mary montage
- Stanislav Shmulevich facing "hate crime" charges for publishing a photo of Quar'an in a toilet in 2007[7][8]
Books
- Criticisms of The Da Vinci Code
- The Satanic Verses controversy – controversy surrounding Salman Rushdie's novel The Satanic Verses
Film/Television
- Monty Python's Life of Brian - controversial comedy movie about religion
- South Park's controversial Bloody Mary episode.
- The Last Temptation of Christ (film)
See also
References
- ^ "NEA's Cloudy Future". Albion Monitor (April 9, 1998). Retrieved on February 15, 2006.
- ^ "Sacrifice, Piss Christ and Liberal Excess - opinion & response.". Arts & Opinion. Retrieved on February 5, 2006.
- ^ Eleanor Heartney (July, 1998). "A consecrated critic - profile of popular television art critic Sister Wendy Beckett". Art in America. Retrieved on September 5, 2007.
- ^ Piss Christ and the Serrano Controversy - A theological defence
- ^ Townhall.com::Why liberals are right to hate the Ten Commandments::By Michael Medved
- ^ PopPolitics.com - Holy Art
- ^ Student Arrested in Koran-in-Toilet Incidents at Pace U. - Chronicle.com
- ^ Michelle Malkin » Which of these is a crime in America? Update: Criminal complaint added
External links
- Annotated transcription of U.S. Senate discussion about "Piss Christ"
- Andrew Hudgins's poem "Piss Christ," based on the photograph.
- Article on Hate Crime
- See Serrano's photograph in context of other works considered blasphemous, in S. Brent Plate, Blasphemy: Art that Offends ISBN 9781904772538
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 25 August 2008, at 03:16.
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