Politics of Shanghai
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The Politics of Shanghai is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China (PRC). In the last few decades the city has produced many of the country's eventual senior leaders. The city has been important politically to China since the end of the 19th Century.
The Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government (上海市人民政府市长, abbreviated as Mayor of Shanghai 上海市市长) is the highest ranking executive official in Shanghai. Since Shanghai is a direct-controlled municipality of China, the mayor occupies the same level in the order of precedence as provincial governors. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the mayor has less power than the Communist Party of China Shanghai Municipal Committee Secretary (中国共产党上海市委员会书记, abbreviated as 中共上海市委书记), colloquially termed the "Shanghai CPC Party chief".
Before 1941, Shanghai had a split administration: the International Settlement (governed under the Shanghai Municipal Council), the French Concession, and the Chinese City. The Chinese city was invaded by the Japanese in 1937 and the foreign concessions were occupied by the Japanese in 1941. After the occupation, the foreign powers formally ceded the territory to the Nationalist Government in Chongqing (a move largely symbolic until the Japanese surrender since the Nationalists no longer controlled Shanghai).
Since Shanghai-born Chen Liangyu took municipal leadership in 2002, because of the increasing friction between the Shanghai clique and the central government under Hu Jintao, Shanghai's economic development has deviated from national policy considerably. Chen believed that wealth produced in Shanghai should stay in Shanghai and benefit only Shanghai citizens. Before Chen was charged with corruption in 2006, Shanghai's level of autonomy alarmed central authorities, as it surpassed that of many autonomous regions.
Contents |
List of party chiefs
| Order | CPC Party Secretary | Term | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rao Shushi | 1949—1950 | later purged in 1954 |
| 2 | Chen Yi | 1950—1954 | military commander |
| 3 | Ke Qingshi | 1954—1965 | |
| 4 | Chen Pixian | 1965—1967 | |
| 5 | Zhang Chunqiao | 1971—1976 | |
| 6 | Su Zhenhua | 1976—1979 | De facto Peng Chong |
| 7 | Peng Chong | 1979—1980 | |
| 8 | Chen Guodong | 1980—1985 | |
| 9 | Rui Xingwen | 1985—1987 | |
| 10 | Jiang Zemin | 1987—1989 | later General Secretary (1989-2002) and President (1993-2003) |
| 11 | Zhu Rongji | 1989—1991 | later Premier |
| 12 | Wu Bangguo | 1991—1994 | later Chairman of the National People's Congress |
| 13 | Huang Ju | 1994— 15 November 2002 | later Vice-Premier |
| 14 | Chen Liangyu | 15 November 2002 — 24 September 2006 | dismissed for corruption |
| — | Han Zheng | 24 September 2006 — 24 March 2007 | Acting |
| 15 | Xi Jinping | 24 March 2007 — 27 October 2007 | later General Secretary (2012-) |
| 16 | Yu Zhengsheng | 27 October 2007 — 20 November 2012 | Elevated to Politburo Standing Committee in 2012 |
| 17 | Han Zheng | 20 November 2012 — |
List of Mayors
| Mayor | Term | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Huang Fu | 7 July 1927 - April 1929 | First mayor of Shanghai. |
| Chang Ch'ün | April 1929 - January 1932 | |
| Wu Tiecheng | January 1932 - April 1937 | |
| Yu Hung-Chun | April 1937 - November 1937 | Fled city following fall of Shanghai to the Empire of Japan in the Battle of Shanghai. |
| Chen Gongbo | November 1940 - December 1944 | Japanese collaborationist |
| Zhou Fohai | December 1944 - August 1945 | last Japanese collaborationist mayor, arrested by Kuomintang forces |
| K. C. Wu | August 1945 - May 1949 | last Kuomintang mayor, fled after communist takeover |
| Chen Yi | May 1949 — November 1958 | military commander |
| Ke Qingshi | November 1958 — 9 April 1965 | |
| Cao Diqiu | December 1965 — 24 February 1967 | purged during the Cultural Revolution |
| Zhang Chunqiao | 24 February 1967 — October 1976 | Chairman of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee Member of Gang of Four, sentenced for treason |
| Su Zhenhua | November 1976 — 7 February 1979 | Chairman of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee |
| Peng Chong | 7 February 1979 — April 1981 | De facto head from late 1976. |
| Wang Daohan | April 1981 — July 1985 | Jiang mentor |
| Jiang Zemin | July 1985 — April 1988 | later General Secretary (1989-2002) and President (1993-2003) |
| Zhu Rongji | April 1988 — April 1991 | later Premier (1998-2003) |
| Huang Ju | April 1991 — February 1995 | later Vice-Premier (2003-died in office on 2 June 2007) |
| Xu Kuangdi | February 1995 — 7 December 2001 | Demoted |
| Chen Liangyu | 7 December 2001 — 21 February 2003 | Later sacked |
| Han Zheng | 21 February 2003 — 26 December 2012 | Concurrently acting party chief 2006-2007, 2012 |
| Yang Xiong | 26 December 2012 — present | acting until February 2013 |
List of Chairmen of Shanghai People's Congress
- Yan Youmin (严佑民): 1979－1981
- Hu Lijiao (胡立教): 1981－1988
- Ye Gongqi (叶公琦): 1988－1998
- Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪): 1998－2003
- Gong Xueping (龚学平): 2003－2008
- Liu Yungeng (刘云耕) : 2008－2013
- Yin Yicui (殷一璀): 2013－incumbent
List of Chairmen of Shanghai CPPCC
- Ke Qingshi (柯庆施): 1955－1958
- Chen Pixian (陈丕显): 1958－1967
- Peng Chong (彭冲): 1977－1979
- Wang Yiping (王一平): 1979－1983
- Li Guohao (李国豪): 1983－1988
- Xie Xide (谢希德): 1988－1993
- Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪): 1993－1998
- Wang Liping (王力平): 1998－2003
- Jiang Yiren (蒋以任): 2003－2008
- Feng Guoqin (冯国勤): 2008－2013
- Wu Zhiming (吴志明): 2013－incumbent
