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About 85 species known. |
Rauvolfia (also spelled Rauwolfia) is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs in the Apocynaceae family. The approximately 85 species in the genus can mainly be found in tropical regions.
Rauvolfia caffra is the South African quinine tree. Rauvolfia serpentina, or Indian Snakeroot or Sarpagandha, contains a number of bioactive chemicals, including ajmaline, deserpidine, rescinnamine, serpentinine, and yohimbine. Reserpine is an alkaloid first isolated from R. serpentina which was widely used as an antihypertensive drug. It had drastic psychological side effects and has been now replaced by blood-pressure-lowering drugs that lack such adverse effects. But in herbal form rather than the form of isolated active ingredients, it is a safe and effective resource for hypertensive patients. The pharmaceutical companies have stopped producing this drug as reserpine or deserpedine, or any other form. It is only available currently in the U.S. via herbal medicine ordering, over the Internet.
Other plants of this genus are also used medicinally, both in conventional western medicine and in Ayurveda, Unani, and folk medicine. Alkaloids in the plants reduce blood pressure, depress activity of central nervous system and act as hypnotics.
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Threat Status
The natural reserves of this plant are declining as a result of over-harvesting. IUCN has kept this plant under endangered status, and it is listed in CITES Appendix II.
Precautions
Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or plan pregnancy in the near future should not ingest Rauwolfia plants or preparations made from them. They may also be harmful for people with any chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, such as stomach or duodenal ulcers, esophageal reflux (reflux esophagitis), ulcerative colitis, spastic colitis, and diverticulosis. No "safe" dosage has been established.
Selected species
- Rauvolfia caffra
- Rauvolfia canescens
- Rauvolfia micrantha
- Rauvolfia sachetiae
- Rauvolfia serpentina
- Rauvolfia tetraphylla
- Rauvolfia vomitoria
References
- Lewis, W.H. and M.P.F. Elvin-Lewis. (2003). Medical Botany. Hoboken: Wiley. pg 286
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 13 August 2008, at 23:28.
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