Welcome to the MedLibrary.org Wikipedia Supplement on Special wards of Tokyo -- Please Click to Return to Front Page

The special wards of Tokyo (東京23区, Tōkyō 23-ku^?) are 23 municipalities that together make up the core and the most populous part of Tokyo, Japan. Together, they occupy the land that was the city of Tokyo before it was abolished in 1943. Within the country, this type of administrative division is unique to Tokyo. In Japanese, their formal name is "special wards" (特別区, tokubetsu ku^?), and collectively they are commonly known as the "twenty-three wards" (23区, nijūsan-ku^?). In English Nerima refers to itself as the 23rd "special city" - this is not the same concept as the special cities of Japan (tokureishi).^[1]

Special status

They are special because although they are autonomous local governments, they at the same time function seamlessly together as one large urban entity in central Tokyo. To this end, certain public services are handled by the government of the larger prefecture, whereas cities normally provide these services themselves. They include water supply, sewage disposal, and fire services. To finance the joint public services it provides to the twenty-three wards, the metropolitan government levies some of the taxes that would normally be levied by city governments, and also makes transfer payments to wards that cannot finance their own local administration.

History

The word "special" distinguishes them from the wards (区, ku^?) of other major Japanese cities. Before 1943, the wards of Tokyo City were no different from the wards of Osaka or Kyoto. On March 15, 1943, when the Tokyo city government and prefectural government merged into a single prefectural government, the wards were placed under the direct control of the prefecture. Thirty-five wards of the former city were integrated into 22 on March 15, 1947 just before the legal definition of special wards was given by the Local Autonomy Law, enforced on May 3 the same year. The 23rd ward, Nerima, was formed on August 1, 1947.

Since the 1970s, the special wards of Tokyo have exercised a considerably higher degree of autonomy than the wards in other cities, making them more like independent cities than districts. Each special ward has its own elected mayor (区長, kuchō^?) and assembly (区議会, kugikai^?).

In 2000, the National Diet designated the special wards as local public entities (地方公共団体, chihō kōkyō dantai^?), giving them a status similar to cities. Since then, they have been calling themselves "cities" instead of wards in English, even though the Japanese designation of tokubetsuku is unchanged. They have also taken over certain public services metropolitan government, such as garbage collection and disposal.

The wards vary greatly in area (from 10 to 60 km²) and population (from less than 40,000 to 830,000), and some are expanding as artificial islands are built. Setagaya has the most people, while neighboring Ōta has the largest area.

The total population (census) of the twenty-three special wards was 8,483,140 as of October 1, 2005, ^[2] about two-thirds of the population of Tokyo and a quarter of the population of the Greater Tokyo Area. The twenty-three wards have a population density of 13,800 per square kilometre (35,600 per square mile). As of August 2008, the population was 8,731,434 according to the Japan Statistical Agency.^{citation needed}

List of special wards

*Population as of June 2007

Name	Kanji	Pop.*	Density (/km²)	Area (km²)	Major districts
Adachi	足立区	629,392	11,830.68	53.20	Ayase, Kitasenju, Takenotsuka
Arakawa	荒川区	194,777	18,262.25	10.20	Arakawa, Machiya, Nippori, Minamisenju
Bunkyō	文京区	194,933	16,009.28	11.31	Hongō, Yayoi, Hakusan
Chiyoda	千代田区	43,802	3,763.06	11.64	Nagatachō, Kasumigaseki, Ōtemachi, Marunouchi, Akihabara, Yūrakuchō, Iidabashi
Chūō	中央区	104,997	10,344.53	10.15	Nihonbashi, Kayabachō, Ginza, Tsukiji, Hatchōbori, Shinkawa, Tsukishima, Kachidoki, Tsukuda,
Edogawa	江戸川区	661,386	13,264.86	49.86	Kasai, Koiwa
Itabashi	板橋区	529,059	16,445.72	32.17	Itabashi, Takashimadaira
Katsushika	葛飾区	428,066	12,286.62	34.84	Tateishi, Aoto
Kita	北区	330,646	15,885.67	20.59	Akabane, Ōji, Tabata
Kōtō	江東区	436,337	10,963.24	39.8	Kiba, Ariake, Kameido, Tōyōchō, Monzennakachō, Fukagawa, Kiyosumi, Shirakawa, Etchūjima, Sunamachi, Aomi
Meguro	目黒区	267,798	18,217.55	14.70	Meguro, Nakameguro, Jiyugaoka
Minato	港区	205,196	10,088.30	20.34	Odaiba, Shinbashi, Shinagawa, Roppongi, Toranomon, Aoyama, Azabu, Hamamatsuchō, Tamachi
Nakano	中野区	312,939	20,097.82	15.59	Nakano
Nerima	練馬区	702,202	14,580.61	48.16	Nerima, Ōizumi, Hikarigaoka
OtaŌta	大田区	674,590	11,345.27	59.46	Ōmori, Kamata, Haneda, Den-en-chōfu
Setagaya	世田谷区	855,416	14,728.23	58.08	Setagaya, Sangenjaya, Shimokitazawa, Tamagawa
Shibuya	渋谷区	205,512	13,337.13	15.11	Shibuya, Ebisu, Harajuku, Hiroo, Sendagaya, Yoyogi
Shinagawa	品川区	353,887	15,576.01	22.72	Shinagawa, Gotanda, Ōsaki
Shinjuku	新宿区	309,463	16,975.48	18.23	Shinjuku, Takadanobaba, Ōkubo, Kagurazaka, Ichigaya
Suginami	杉並区	534,981	15,725.49	34.02	Kōenji, Asagaya, Ogikubo
Sumida	墨田区	237,433	16,079.49	13.75	Kinshichō, Morishita, Ryōgoku
Toshima	豊島区	256,009	19,428.44	13.01	Ikebukuro, Komagome, Senkawa, Sugamo
Taitō	台東区	168,277	16,139.38	10.08	Ueno, Asakusa
Overall		8,637,098	13,890.25	621.81

Places

Map of mainland Tokyo showing the twenty-three special wards in (yellow).

Many important neighborhoods are located in Tokyo's special wards:

Akasaka 

A district with a range of restaurants, clubs and hotels; many pedestrian alleys giving it a local neighbourhood feel. Next to Roppongi, Nagatachō, and Aoyama.

Akihabara 

A densely arranged shopping district for electronics and otaku goods.

Aoyama 

A neighborhood of Tokyo with parks, an enormous cemetery, expensive housing, trendy cafes and international restaurants. Includes the Omotesandō subway station.

Ginza and Yūrakuchō 

Major shopping and entertainment district with department stores, upscale shops selling brand-name goods, and movie theaters.

Harajuku 

Known for street/teen Japanese fashion

Ikebukuro 

The busiest interchange in north central Tokyo, featuring Sunshine City and various shopping destinations.

Jinbōchō 

Tokyo's center of used-book stores and publishing houses, and a popular antique and curio shopping area.

Marunouchi and Ōtemachi 

The main financial and business district of Tokyo has many headquarters of banks, trading companies and other major corporations. The area is seeing a major redevelopment with new buildings for shopping and entertainment constructed in front of Tokyo Station's Marunouchi side.

Nagatachō 

The political heart of Tokyo and the nation. It is the location of the Diet, government ministries, and party headquarters.

Odaiba 

A large, reclaimed, waterfront area that has become one of Tokyo's most popular shopping and entertainment districts.

Omotesandō 

Known for upscale shopping.

Roppongi 

Home to the rich Roppongi Hills area, an active night club scene, and a relatively large presence of Western tourists and expatriates.

Shibuya 

A long-time center of shopping, fashion, nightlife and youth culture.

Shinagawa 

In addition to the major hotels on the west side of Shinagawa Station, the former sleepy east side of the station has been redeveloped as a major center for business.

Shinbashi 

An area revitalized by being the gateway to Odaiba and the Shiodome Shiosite complex of high-rise buildings.

Shinjuku 

Location of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building. The area is best known for Tokyo's early skyscrapers, erected in the 1970s. Major department stores, electronics stores and hotels can also be found here. On the east side of Shinjuku Station, Kabukichō is known for its many bars and nightclubs. Shinjuku Station moves an estimated three million passengers a day, making it the busiest in the world.

Ueno 

Ueno Station serves commuters to and from areas north of Tokyo. Besides department stores and shops in Ameyoko, Ueno boasts Ueno Park, Ueno Zoo and major national museums. In spring, Ueno Park and adjacent Shinobazu Pond are popular places to view cherry blossoms.

See also

Tokyo portal

• capital of Japan
• Local Autonomy Law
• Wards of Japan
• List of Japanese cities by population

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Wards in Tokyo

• Tokyo Metropolitan Government explanation of special wards (in English)
• Tokyo Metropolitan Government statistics (in Japanese)

Wikipedia content modification information:

• This page was last modified on 11 October 2008, at 01:27.

Wikipedia Authorship and Review

Wikipedia content provided here is not reviewed directly by MedLibrary.org. Wikipedia content is authored by an open community of volunteers and is not produced by or in any way affiliated with MedLibrary.org.

Wikipedia Usage Guidelines

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article on "Special wards of Tokyo".

The URL for this specific entry is:

• http://medlibrary.org/medwiki/Special_wards_of_Tokyo

All Wikipedia text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details). Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.