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For general information on source citation in Wikipedia, see WP:CITE.
Contents |
Is the article actually worthy of inclusion?
Before placing templates on a page it is worthwhile to cast a critical eye over the page to determine whether it should in fact be included in Wikipedia. Some articles can be tagged for speedy deletion or marked as an article for deletion.
Requesting sources
See also: Cleanup templates for sources and Wikipedia:Cleanup Resources#Verifiability and sources
| What to type | What it makes | ||
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| {{unreferenced}} |
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| {{unreferencedsection}} |
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| {{citecheck}} |
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| {{self-published}} |
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| {{onesource}} |
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| {{refimprove}} |
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| {{refimprovesect}} |
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| {{citations missing}} |
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| {{nofootnotes}} |
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| {{morefootnotes}} |
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| {{english sources}} |
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| {{pagenumbers}} |
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Inline
| What to type | What it makes |
|---|---|
| {{fact}} |
citation needed |
| {{Timefact}} |
chronology source needed |
| {{dubious}} |
dubious |
| {{or}} |
original research? |
| {{request quote}} |
need quote |
| {{failed verification}} |
not in citation given |
| {{page number}} |
page # needed |
| {{verify credibility}} |
unreliable source? |
| {{verify source}} |
verification needed |
| {{Updateneed}} |
update needed |
| {{who}} |
who? |
| {{copyvio link}} |
copyvio source? |
Including third-party content
Some of the reference types below use named fields (such as Title=Electric Power Monthly). In these references, you must use the exact field name (capitalization matters). Fields are separated with pipe (|) characters. The order of the fields does not matter.
| What to type | What it makes | Where it goes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{1728}} Talk |
This article incorporates content from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, a publication in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{1771 Britannica}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the 1771 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{1911}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{Sect1911}} Talk |
This section incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. | Articles at the end of a section |
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| {{1913}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1913 Webster's Dictionary. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{cz}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from Citizendium which been licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. |
Articles near bottom |
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| {{A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature}} Talk |
This article incorporates public domain text from: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London, J. M. Dent & sons; New York, E. P. Dutton. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{USGovernment}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from {{{sourceURL}}}, a public domain work of the United States Government. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{Bioguide}} Talk |
This article incorporates material obtained from the public domain Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{Catholic}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{CDC}} Talk |
This article contains material from the CDC (Center for Disease Control) website which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{CIA WFB 2000}} Talk |
This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook (2000 edition) which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{CIA WFB 2003}} Talk |
This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook (2003 edition) which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{CIAfb}} Talk |
This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{NPS.Gov|sourceURL=[1]}} Talk |
 This article incorporates text from a National Park Service website ({{{sourceURL}}}) that is a public domain work of the United States Government. |
Articles near bottom |
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| {{Recreation. Gov|sourceURL=[2] }} Talk |
 This article incorporates text from the Recreation.gov website({{{sourceURL}}}) that is a public domain work of the United States Government. |
Articles near bottom |
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| {{from Camerapedia}} Talk |
This article was originally based on one in Camerapedia, retrieved at an unknown date under the GNU Free Documentation License. |
Articles bottom |
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| {{from Comixpedia}} Talk |
This page was originally based on an entry from Comixpedia and is used under the GNU Free Documentation License. |
Articles bottom |
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| {{DANFS}} Talk |
This article includes text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. | Articles bottom |
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| {{DNB}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the Dictionary of National Biography (1885–1900), a publication now in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{Eastons}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the public domain Easton's Bible Dictionary, originally published in 1897. | Articles at top |
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| {{Etude}} Talk |
This article is based on a text from the Etude magazine, prior to 1923, that is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{factbook}} Talk |
This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{FJC}} Template talk:FJC |
This article incorporates text obtained from the public domain Biographical Directory of Federal Judges compiled by the Federal Judicial Center. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{FOLDOC}} Talk |
This article was originally based on material from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing, which is licensed under the GFDL. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{FS1037C}} Talk |
This article contains material from the Federal Standard 1037C, which, as a work of the United States Government, is in the public domain. |
Articles near bottom |
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| {{GHR}} Talk |
This article incorporates public domain text from the Genetics Home Reference, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine | Articles near bottom |
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| {{Jargon}} Talk |
This article is based in part on the Jargon File, which is in the public domain. |
Articles near bottom |
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| {{JewishEncyclopedia}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{KeyTarot}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1910 book Pictorial Key to the Tarot by Arthur Edward Waite. Please feel free to update the text. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{loc}} Talk |
This article contains material from the Library of Congress Country Studies, which are United States government publications in the public domain. | Articles near bottom? |
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| {{NARA}} Talk |
This article contains text from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration website which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{NASA}} Talk |
|
Talk pages | ||||
| {{NCBI-handbook}} Talk |
This article contains material text from the NCBI Handbook published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{NCBI-scienceprimer}} Talk |
This article contains material from the Science Primer published by the NCBI, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom Image description page Under image |
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| {{NHC}} Talk |
This article includes information collected from the Naval Historical Center, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{NIST-PD}} Talk |
 This article incorporates text from a public domain publication of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a U.S. government agency. |
Articles near bottom |
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| {{NTSB}} Talk |
This article contains material that originally came from an NTSB website. According to their site usage guidelines, "Text appearing on NTSB Web pages, in reports, recommendation, and public dockets, unless otherwise noted, was prepared by employees of the United States Government as part of their official duties and, therefore, is not subject to copyright." For more information, please review NTSB's use policies. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{NVR}} Talk |
This article includes information collected from the Naval Vessel Register, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{NIMH}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the National Institute of Mental Health, which is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{Openhistory}} Talk |
The article incorporates text from OpenHistory. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{OSGguide}} Talk |
This article incorporates facts obtained from the public domain Office of the Solicitor General. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{pg}} Talk |
This article incorporates facts obtained from The Political Graveyard. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{Schaff-Herzog}} Talk |
This article includes content derived from the Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 1914, which is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{SeyffertDCA}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Classical Antiquities by Oskar Seyffert, edited by Henry Nettleship and J. E. Sandys (1894). | Articles near bottom |
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| {{SmithDGRA}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities by William Smith (1870). | Articles near bottom |
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| {{SmithDGRBM}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology by William Smith (1870). | Articles near bottom |
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| {{SmithDGRG}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by William Smith (1856). | Articles near bottom |
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| {{StateDept}} Talk |
This article contains material from the US Department of State's Background Notes which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{Vectorsite}} Talk |
The initial version of this article was based on a public domain article from Greg Goebel's Vectorsite. | Articles Reference |
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| {{WaceBio}} Talk |
This article uses text from A Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies by Henry Wace. | Articles near bottom |
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| {{Wookieepedia}} Talk |
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Talk pages |
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| {{WorldCoin}} Talk |
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Articles Reference |
Citations of generic sources
- See Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup#Verifiability and sources for cleanup request templates (such as "citation needed" and many more).
Below are examples of how to use templates to cite books, encyclopedias, journals, theses, papers, websites, comic strips, videos, and editorial comics. See also Category:Citation templates. If there is a possibility that Harvard referencing will be used in the article in future, consider using the Citation templates (second row for each source) for additional linking functionality with Template:Harvard citation. This linking from cite to reference does not work with the other templates shown below.
- For full description of the template — click the template name
- Required field(s) are indicated in bold
- Copy and paste the text under "common usage" to use the template.
- Following each example is the resulting article text.
The use of Citation templates is not required by WP:CITE and is neither encouraged nor discouraged by any other Wikipedia citation guidelines. They may be used at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with the other editors on the article. Some editors find them helpful, while other editors find them annoying, particularly when used inline in the text. Because they are optional, editors should not change articles from one style to another without consensus.
There are (at least) two families of citation templates. The {{Citation}} template is intended to provide citations for many types of references. The other family has names of the form {{Cite xxx}} (for example, {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}). These two families produce different citation styles. For example, the {{Cite xxx}} family separates elements with a full stop, while the {{Citation}} template separates elements with a comma. Thus, these two families should not be mixed in the same article.
See Wikipedia:Citing sources#Tools for a list of tools which can help create some of the templates below.
Citations are commonly embedded in reference templates. See Wikipedia:Footnotes for information on a commonly used reference template.
| source | template (required) |
common usage | Example 1 article text |
Example 2 article text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| book | {{cite book}} title |
{{cite book
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =
| publisher =
| date =
| location =
| pages =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = }}
|
{{cite book
| last = Mumford
| first = David
| authorlink = David Mumford
| title = The Red Book of V…
| publisher = [[Springer]]
| location = Berlin
| date = 1999
| pages = 198-203
| doi = 10.1007/b62130
| isbn = 354063293X }}
Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 198-203. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X. |
{{cite book
| last = Cordell
| first = Bruce R.
| coauthors = Jeff Grubb, David Noonan
| title = [[Manual of the Planes]]
| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]]
| date = 2001
| pages = pp. 198-203
| month = September
| isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }}
Cordell, Bruce R.; Jeff Grubb, David Noonan (2001). Manual of the Planes. Wizards of the Coast, pp. 198-203. ISBN 0-7869-1850-8. |
| {{Citation}} |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =
| place =
| publisher =
| year =
| volume =
| edition =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = }}
|
{{Citation
| first = David | last = Mu…
| author-link = David Mumfo…
| title = The Red Book of V…
| place = Berlin
| publisher = Springer-Verl…
| year = 1999
| doi = 10.1007/b62130
| isbn = 354063293X }}
Mumford, David (1999), The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, doi:, ISBN 354063293X |
{{Citation
| last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R.
| last2 = Grubb | first2 = Jeff
| last3 = Noonan | first3 = David
| title = [[Manual of the Planes]]
| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]]
| date = September 2001
| year = 2001
| isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }}
Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff & Noonan, David (September 2001), Manual of the Planes, Wizards of the Coast, ISBN 0-7869-1850-8 |
|
| journal | {{cite journal}} Title |
{{cite journal
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =
| journal =
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| publisher =
| location =
| date =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite journal
| authorlink = Stephen Brey…
| title = Copyright: A Rejo…
| journal = UCLA Law Review
| volume = 20
| pages = 75–83
| date = October 1972}}
Breyer, Stephen (October 1972). "Copyright: A Rejoinder". UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83. |
{{cite journal
| last = Bailey
| first = David H.
| authorlink = David H. Bailey
| coauthors = [[Peter Borwein|Borwein…
| title = The Quest for Pi
| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
| volume = 19
| issue = 1
| pages = 50–57
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| location = Berlin
| date = [[1999-06-25]]
| url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…-quest.pdf
| format = [[PDF]]
| issn = 0343-6993
| accessdate = 2006-06-29 }}
Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter B., and Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25). "The Quest for Pi" (PDF). Mathematical Intelligencer 19 (1): 50–57. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISSN 0343-6993. Retrieved on 2006-06-29. |
| {{Citation}} journal (or periodical) |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =
| journal =
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| date =
| year =
| url =
| doi =
| id = }}
|
{{Citation
| last = Breyer
| first = Stephen
| author-link = Stephen Bre…
| title = Copyright: A Rejo…
| journal = UCLA Law Review
| volume = 20
| pages = 75–83
| date = October 1972
| year = 1972 }}
Breyer, Stephen (October 1972), "Copyright: A Rejoinder", UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83 |
{{Citation
| last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H.
| author1-link = David H. Bailey
| last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter
| author2-link = Peter Borwein
| last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan…
| author3-link = Jonathan M. Borwein
| title = The Quest for Pi
| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
| volume = 19
| issue = 1
| pages = 50–57
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| location = Berlin
| date = [[1999-06-25]]
| year = 1999
| url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…-quest.pdf
| issn = 0343-6993 }}
Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter & Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25), "The Quest for Pi", Mathematical Intelligencer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 19(1): 50–57, ISSN 0343-6993, <http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf> |
|
| conference report or paper |
{{cite conference}} title booktitle |
{{cite conference
| first =
| last =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =
| booktitle =
| pages =
| publisher =
| date =
| location =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite conference
| first = M.
| last = Turk
| authorlink =
| coauthors = Pentland, A.
| title = Face recognition …
| booktitle = Proc IEEE Con…
| pages = 586–591
| year = 1991 }}
Turk, M.; Pentland, A. (1991). "Face recognition using eigenfaces". Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 586–591. |
{{cite conference
| last = Evans
| first = N. R.
| coauthors = Schaefer, G; Bond, H.; …
| title = Direct detection of the clo…
| booktitle = American Astronomical S…
| place = Maui, Hawaii
| date = [[2006-01-09]]
| url = http://www.aas.org/pu…1130.htm
| accessdate = 2006-07-02 }}
Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Bono, G.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09). "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope". American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting. Retrieved on 2006-07-02. |
| {{Citation}} |
{{Citation
| first =
| last =
| author-link =
| first2 =
| last2 =
| author2-link =
| editor-last =
| editor-first =
| editor2-last =
| editor2-first =
| contribution =
| contribution-url =
| title =
| year =
| pages =
| place =
| publisher =
| url =
| doi =
| id = }}
|
{{Citation
| last1 = Turk | first1 = M.
| last2 = Pet… | first2 = A.
| contribution = Face recog…
| title = Proc IEEE Confere…
| publisher = IEEE
| pages = 586–591
| year = 1991 }}
Turk, M. & Petland, A. (1991), "Face recognition using eigenfaces", Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, pp. 586–591 |
{{Citation
| last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R.
| last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G.
| last3 = Bond | first3 = H.
| last4 = Karovska | first4 = M.
| last5 = Nelan | first5 = E.
| last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D.
| contribution = Direct detection of …
| title = American Astronomical…
| publisher = AAS
| date = [[2006-01-09]]
| year = 2006
| contribution-url = http://…30.htm }}
Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E. & Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09), "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope", American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting, AAS |
|
| encyclopedia | {{cite encyclopedia}} Title encyclopedia |
{{cite encyclopedia
| title =
| encyclopedia =
| volume =
| pages =
| publisher =
| date =
| id =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite encyclopedia
| title = Kirkegaard, Ole L…
| encyclopedia = Grote Wink…
| volume = 9
| publisher = [[Winkler P…]]
| date = 1882 }}
"Kirkegaard, Ole Lund". Grote Winkler Prins 9. (1882). Winkler Prins. |
{{cite encyclopedia
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| authorlink = Martin Kramer
| title = Bernard Lewis
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hist…
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| location = London
| date = 1999
| url = http://www.geocities.com/mart…
| accessdate = 2006-05-23 }}
Kramer, Martin (1999). "Bernard Lewis". Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing 1. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. 719–720. Retrieved on 2006-05-23. |
| {{Citation}} contribution=name of article |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| contribution =
| year =
| title =
| editor-last =
| editor-first =
| volume =
| pages =
| place =
| publisher =
| id = }}
|
{{Citation
| contribution = Kirkegaard…
| title = Grote Winkler Pri…
| editor-last = Winkler Pri…
| editor-first = Anthony
| editor-link = Anthony Win…
| volume = 9
| publisher = Elsevier
| year = 1882 }}
Winkler Prins, Anthony, ed. (1882), "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund", Grote Winkler Prins, 9, Elsevier |
{{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians …
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| year = 1999
| contribution-url = http://…is.htm }}
Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720 |
|
| news article | {{cite news}} Title |
{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| coauthors =
| title =
| work =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher =
| date =
| url =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite news
| last = McGee
| first = Maggie
| title = Seabed 'scarred' …
| pages = 12–27
| publisher = CNN
| date = [[2005-02-10]]
| url = http://www.cnn.com/…
| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }}
McGee, Maggie (2005-02-10). "Seabed 'scarred' by tsunami quake", CNN, pp. 12–27. Retrieved on 2006-07-03. |
{{cite news
| last = Andersen
| first = David
| coauthors = Witter, Lameen
| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO…
| publisher = Marine Corps News
| date = [[2006-02-17]]
| url = http://www.military.com/Caree…
| accessdate = 2006-06-02 }}
Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen (2006-02-17). "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success", Marine Corps News. Retrieved on 2006-06-02. |
| {{Citation}} newspaper (or magazine, journal, periodical) |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =
| newspaper =
| pages =
| year =
| date =
| url = }}
|
{{Citation
| last=Cowdery
| first=Oliver
| author-link=Oliver Cowdery
| title=Letter VIII
| newspaper=[[Latter Day Sa…
| volume=2
| issue=1
| pages=195–202
| year=1835
| date=October 1835
| url=http://www.centerp… }}
Cowdery, Oliver (October 1835), "Letter VIII", Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate 2(1): 195–202, <http://www.centerplace.org/history/ma/v2n01.htm#195> |
{{Citation
| last1 = Andersen | first1 = David
| last2 = Witter | first2 = Lameen
| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO…
| newspaper = Marine Corps News
| date = [[2006-02-17]]
| year = 2006
| url = http://www.military.com/Ca… }}
Andersen, David & Witter, Lameen (2006-02-17), "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success", Marine Corps News, <http://www.military.com/Careers/Content1?file=careersArticlesGoDaddy.htm&area=Reference> |
|
| website | {{cite web}} title url |
{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =
| work =
| publisher =
| date =
| url =
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite web
| last = Spiegel
| first = Rachel
| title = Research: Thalido…
| url=http://science-educat…
| accessdate = 2006-04-30 }}
Spiegel, Rachel. "Research in the News: Thalidomide". Retrieved on 2006-04-30. |
{{cite web
| last = Hansen
| first = James E.
| authorlink = James Hansen
| coauthors = R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and …
| title = GISS Surface Temperature An…
| work =
| publisher = [[Goddard Institute for…
| date = [[2005-12-15]]
| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis…
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2006-09-28 }}
Hansen, James E.; R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo (2005-12-15). "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation". NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Retrieved on 2006-09-28. |
| {{Citation}} title url |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =
| date =
| year =
| url =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{Citation
| last = Spiegel
| first = Rachel
| title = Research: Thalido…
| url=http://science-educat…
| accessdate = 2006-04-30 }}
Spiegel, Rachel, Research in the News: Thalidomide, <http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html>. Retrieved on 30 April 2006 |
{{Citation
| last1 = Hansen | first1 = James E.
| author1-link = James Hansen
| last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R.
| last3 = Sato | first3 = M.
| last4 = Lo | first4 = K.
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