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| William Cheselden | |
 William Cheselden
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| Born | October 19, 1688 Somerby, Leicestershire |
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| Died | April 10, 1752 Bath |
| Nationality | English |
| Fields | surgery |
| Institutions | St George's Hospital |
| Known for | lithotomy |
| Influences | William Cowper |
William Cheselden (October 19, 1688 – April 10, 1752) was an English surgeon and teacher of anatomy and surgery, who was influential in establishing surgery as a scientific medical profession.
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Life
Cheselden was born at Somerby, Leicestershire. He studied anatomy in London under William Cowper (1666-1709), and began lecturing anatomy in 1710. In 1713 he published his Anatomy of the Human Body, which achieved great popularity and went through thirteen editions, mainly because it was written in English instead of Latin as it was customary. In 1718 he was appointed an assistant surgeon at St Thomas' Hospital, (London), becoming full surgeon in the following year, and he was also chosen one of the surgeons to St George's Hospital on its foundation in 1733. In 1710 he was admitted to the London Company of Barber-Surgeons and he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1712.
In 1733 he published Osteographia or the Anatomy of Bones, the first full and accurate description of the anatomy of human skeletal system.
Cheselden retired from St Thomas' in 1738 and moved to the Chelsea Hospital. His abode is listed as "Chelsea College" on the 1739 Royal Charter for the Foundling Hospital, a charity for which he was a founding governor. In 1744 he was elected to the position of Warden of the Company of Barber-Surgeons, and had a role in the separation of the surgeons from the barbers and to the creation of the independent Company of Surgeons in 1745, an organisation that would become later the famous Royal College of Surgeons of England.
He died at Bath in 1752.
Works
Cheselden is famous for the invention of the lateral lithotomy approach to remove bladder stones, which he first performed in 1727 and which had a short duration (minutes instead of hours) and a low mortality rate (less than 10%). Cheselden had already developed in 1723 the suprapubic approach, which he published in 'A Treatise on the High Operation for the Stone.
He also effected a great advance in ophthalmic surgery by his operation of iridectomy, described in 1728, for the treatment of certain forms of blindness by the production of an artificial pupil. Cheselden also described the role of saliva in digestion.
He attended Sir Isaac Newton in his last illness, and was an intimate friend of Alexander Pope and of Sir Hans Sloane.
Source
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
- R.H. Nichols and F A. Wray, The History of the Foundling Hospital (London: Oxford University Press, 1935), p. 353.
- Ballesteros Sampol, Juan José (September 2007). "[William Cheselden: singular lithotomist and great illustrator of the XVIII Century]". Arch. Esp. Urol. 60 (7): 723–9. PMID 17937331.
- Mark, Harry H (February 2003). "The strange report of Cheselden's iridotomy". Arch. Ophthalmol. 121 (2): 266–8. PMID 12583795.
- Weygand, Z (.). "[From the experience of Cheselden (1728) to the experiences of Dr. Guillie on contagious ophthalmia (1819-1820). Different methods of using those who were blind at birth as point of proof.]". Histoire des sciences médicales 34 (3): 295–304. PMID 11640524.
- Sanders, M A (November 1999). "William Cheselden: anatomist, surgeon, and medical illustrator". Spine 24 (21): 2282–9. doi:. PMID 10562998.
- Guest, J (August 1997). "William Cheselden (1688-1752): humane anatomist and master surgeon". The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery 67 (8): 524–7. doi:. PMID 9287918.
- Hausmann, H (March 1989). "[William Cheselden (1688-1752). On the 300th birthday of the English surgeon]". Zeitschrift für Urologie und Nephrologie 82 (3): 151–4. PMID 2658419.
- "William Cheselden tercentenary". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 71 (2 Suppl): 26–9. March 1989. PMID 2653161.
- Dahl, D S (May. 1968). "William Cheselden (1688-1752)". Investigative urology 5 (6): 627–9. PMID 4914853.
- BRACKETT, A S (June 1956). "William Cheselden, 1688-1752". Connecticut medicine 20 (6): 467–8. PMID 13317466.
- RUSSELL, K F (.). "The osteographia of William Cheselden". Bulletin of the history of medicine 28 (1): 32–49. PMID 13141000.
External links
- William Cheselden (1666-1709). Surgical Tutor.
- Cheselden, Wm: Osteographia or the Anatomy of the Bones. Scanned pages of the original work. Historical Anatomies in the Web. US National Library of Medicine.
- William Cheselden Article from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 5 November 2008, at 21:15.
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