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ZAPU flag

The Zimbabwe African People's Union is a defunct, militant Communist organization and political party that fought for the national liberation of Zimbabwe from its founding in 1961 until it merged with the Zimbabwe African National Union in December 1987.¹

The party was formed on 17 December 1961, 10 days after the Rhodesian government's banning of the National Democratic Party (NDP). Founded by Joshua Nkomo as president, Parirenyatwa as vice-president, Ndabaningi Sithole as chairman, Jason Moyo, Robert Mugabe as information and publicity secretary, Leopold Takawira as external secretary, at the request of Joseph Msika (currently a Vice-President of Zimbabwe), ZAPU was banned in 1962 by the Rhodesian colonial government, and was later engaged in a guerrilla war against it. The armed wing of ZAPU, known as Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA), was commanded by General Lookout Masuku. ZIPRA is the only military establishment or movement in the world which has hit an aeroplane with a land mine. After the Royal Rhodesian Air Force started bombing civilian targets in Mozambique and Zambia, ZIPRA started shooting down civilian planes, which were at that point being used to ferry soldiers and matériel to the Rhodesian front. This forced the then Rhodesian administration to negotiate with ZAPU to resolve the issue of equal rights for black people in Zimbabwe.

ZAPU was aligned with the Soviet Union whose ideology was to mobilise the urban workers, whereas ZANU had a pro-People's Republic of China orientation which was to mobilise the rural peasantry.

Unification into ZANU-PF

In 1980 it contested elections in Zimbabwe as the Patriotic Front, but lost to its rival the ZANU. They merged into ZANU-PF in 1987 following the Gukurahundi massacres.

Unity Accord

The Unity Accord signed at that meeting stated:

1. That ZANU PF and PF ZAPU have irrevocably committed themselves to unite under one political party.
2. That the unity of the two political parties; shall be achieved under the name Zimbabwe African National Union (Patriotic Front) in short ZANU PF.
3. That Comrade Robert Gabriel Mugabe shall be the First Secretary and President of ZANU PF.
4. That ZANU PF shall have two Second Secretaries and Vice Presidents who shall be appointed by the First Secretary and President of the Party.
5. That ZANU PF shall seek to establish a socialist society in Zimbabwe on the guidance of Marxist-Leninist principles.
6. That ZANU PF shall seek to establish a One Party State in Zimbabwe.
7. That the leadership of ZANU PF shall abide by the Leadership Code.
8. That the existing structures of ZANU PF and PF ZAPU shall be merged in accordance with the letter and spirit of this Agreement.
9. That both parties shall, in the interim, take immediate vigorous steps to eliminate and end the insecurity and violence prevalent in Matabeleland.
10. That ZANU PF and PF ZAPU shall convene their respective Congress to give effect to this Agreement within the shortest possible time.
11. That, in the interim, Comrade Robert Gabriel Mugabe is vested with full powers to prepare for the implementation of this Agreement and to act in the name and authority of ZANU PF.

2008 potential split

In mid-October 2008, in the midst of the ongoing negotiations with rival parties, a group of former PF ZAPU and Zipra members became outspoken in the desire to dissolve the alliance with ZANU-PF. This has resulted in a party-internal controversy.

References

See also

• African independence movements

v • d • e Political parties in Zimbabwe Governing parties Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) Minor parties Zimbabwe African National Union - Ndonga (ZANU-Ndonga) - National Alliance for Good Governance (NAGG)- Zimbabwe People's Democratic Party - Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance (ZYA)- International Socialist Organisation (ISO) - United People's Party (UPP) - Patriotic Union of MaNdebeleland (PUMA) - Zimbabwe African People's Union - Federal Party (ZAPU-FP) - Zimbabwe Development Party (ZDP) Defunct Parties Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) - Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) - Rhodesian Front (RF) President Robert Mugabe (ZANU-PF) Prime minister Morgan Tsvangirai (MDC) Key People Ndabaningi Sithole (ZANU, ZANU - Ndonga) - Joshua Nkomo (ZAPU) - Arthur Mutambara (MDC) - Ian Smith (RF) Armed Factions ZANLA (ZANU, ZANU-PF) - ZIPRA (ZAPU) Portal:Politics - List of political parties - Politics of Zimbabwe

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• This page was last modified on 6 November 2008, at 07:29.

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