Our library of drug research abstracts drawn from the medical literature is updated on a regular schedule, and you can be assured that new glipizide research articles will be listed here shortly after becoming available to us.
Medical research on glipizide
[Therapeutic behavior to follow in the following clinical case: Treatment of type 2 diabetes.]
Rev Clin Esp. 2010 Jan; 210(1): 23-27
Mateos L, Herraez García J, Martin Oterino JA, Sánchez Rodríguez A
A 62-year old woman with obesity, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) was referred to a Vascular Risk Unit of the Internal Medicine Department due to elevated HbA1C (8.1%) in spite of having taken metformin (850mg/12h) and glipizide (10mg/12h) regularly. She tries to exercise daily (walking 30min) and has lost weight (from 5 to 12kg) several times, but always regains what she has lost. Furthermore, she monitors her glucose levels in fasting every two weeks and generally has between 120 and 160mg/dL. Her high blood pressure is being treated with enalapril/HCTZ and she also takes aspirin 100mg/day and simvastatin 20mg/day. It is seen in her family background that one brother died suddenly at 50 years of age. Her physical examination shows a BMI of 32.4Kg/m(2), and she has no edemas in the lower limbs. Her BP is 154/82mmHg and creatinine 0.9mg/dL. She has no microalbuminuria and her liver function is normal. What treatment do you think would be the more appropriate? 1 - Add glitazones. 2 - Add incretin mimetics (GLP 1/ DPP-4). 3 - Slow acting insulin.
Quinolone-induced hypoglycemia: a life-threatening but potentially reversible side effect.
Am J Med. 2010 Feb; 123(2): e5-6
Kelesidis T, Canseco E
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2010 Jan 17;
Bao YQ, Zhou J, Zhou M, Cheng YJ, Lu W, Pan XP, Tang JL, Lu HJ, Jia WP
SUMMARY 1. The aim of the present study was to use continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) to investigate the effect of glipizide controlled-release (CR) tablets monotherapy or glipizide CR tablets plus acarbose on glycemic variability in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. 2. Forty newly diagnosed T2DM patients whose glycated hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) levels ranged from 7.0% to 9.8% were randomized to either monotherapy with glipizide CR tablets or combination therapy with glipizide CR tablets and acarbose for 8 weeks. Overall glycemic control and blood glucose variability were evaluated by CGMS parameters. 3. After an 8-week treatment period, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, HbA(1c), glycated albumin (GA), mean blood glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), postprandial incremental area under the curve (AUCpp) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance decreased significantly in both study groups (p
Phys Sportsmed. 2009 Apr; 37(1): 146-8
Agrawal A
Practice Pearl: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the early addition of rosiglitazone to control hyperglycemia after unsuccessful submaximal sulphonylurea monotherapy. Original Article: Rosenstock J, Goldstein BJ, Vinik AI, et al. RESULT Study Group. Effect of early addition of rosiglitazone to sulphonylurea therapy in older type 2 diabetes patients (> 60 years): the Rosiglitazone Early vs. SULphonylurea Titration (RESULT) study.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2010 Mar 11; 51(4): 973-8
Shaodong J, Lee WJ, Ee JW, Park JH, Kwon SW, Lee J
Recently, charged aerosol detection (CAD), a new kind of universal detection method, has been widely employed in the HPLC system. In the present study, four kinds of anti-diabetic drug standards, glipizide, gliclazide, glibenclamide and glimepiride were determined by ultraviolet (UV) detection, evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and the aforementioned CAD. The results were compared with reference to linearity, accuracy, precision and limit of detection (LOD). All of the experiments were performed on a reverse phase column with water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Separations were achieved under the same chromatographic conditions for each detection method. As a result, CAD generated nearly uniform responses compared with UV detection and ELSD. It showed the best accuracy and LOD among 3 detectors and had similar precision with UV detection at higher concentrations while UV detection showed a better precision at lower concentrations than did CAD or ELSD. The LOD of CAD, in fact, can be up to two times higher than that of ELSD. The UV and ELSD linearity was satisfactory at R(2)>0.99, though in the case of CAD, a log-log transformation was needed. The proposed methods were also applied to the real anti-diabetic drugs and diabetes-related dietary supplements.
Planta Med. 2009 Oct 29;
Mishra A, Bhatti R, Singh A, Singh Ishar MP
The current study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of the cinnamon oil upon early stage diabetic nephropathy owing to its antioxidant and antidiabetic effect. Cinnamon oil was extracted by hydro-distillation of the dried inner bark of CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM Blume. Further characterization of the extracted oil was carried out using IR, (1)H-NMR, and (13)C-NMR techniques. Early stage of diabetic nephropathy was induced by administration of alloxan (150 mg/kg, I. P.). Cinnamon oil was administered at varying doses (5, 10, 20 mg/kg; I. P.) while the level of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, urea, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione, and catalase were determined. These parameters in cinnamon oil treated groups were compared with those of standard (glipizide; 10 mg/kg) and vehicle treated groups in order to investigate if cinnamon oil confers a significant protection against diabetic nephropathy. Histological studies of the kidney proved the protective effect of cinnamon oil by reducing the glomerular expansion, eradicating hyaline casts, and decreasing the tubular dilatations. Our results indicate that the volatile oil from cinnamon contains more than 98 % cinnamaldehyde and that it confers dose-dependent, significant protection against alloxan-induced renal damage, the maximum decrease in fasting blood glucose having been achieved at the dose of 20 mg/kg.
Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2009 Aug; 29(8): 737-9
Jiang D, Luo LL, Wang H
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of treatment for tonifying qi, nourishing yin, activating blood circulation and removing stasis on insulin resistance (IR) in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with hypertension. METHODS: Forty-five patients of T2DM with hypertension enrolled from authors' special clinics were equally randomized into two groups: the test group (20 patients) and the control group (25 patients). Both groups received orally hypoglycemic drugs, such as glipizide sustained-release tablets, pioglitazone, and metformin, and antihypertensive drug as nifedipine sustained-release tablets as well. Additionally, Sanqidan Granules (SQD), a Chinese patent medicine was given to the test group. The course of treatment lasted for 8 weeks. The clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine syndromes, blood pressure, T2DM related indices and blood lipids in the two groups were observed. RESULTS: The effect in improving Chinese medicine syndromes in the test group was better than that in the control group significantly (P
Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Feb; 66(2): 145-51
Tan B, Zhang YF, Chen XY, Zhao XH, Li GX, Zhong DF
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glipizide. METHODS: Eighteen healthy male subjects were divided into three groups according to their genotypes: group I, CYP2C9*1/*1 and CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers (EMs); group II, CYP2C9*1/*1 and CYP2C19 poor metabolizers (PMs); and group III, CYP2C9*1/*3 and CYP2C19 EMs. After a single dose of a 5-mg glipizide tablet, plasma concentrations of glipizide for a 36-h period were determined. Meanwhile, plasma glucose levels and plasma insulin levels were determined from 0 to 4 h after dosing. RESULTS: The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-infinity)) was 2.0-fold higher and the oral clearance was 51.1% lower in group III than in group I. The change in fasting insulin level within 1 h (DeltaAUEC(insulin0-1h)) in group III was 3.8-fold higher than that in group I. The glipizide parameters in group II exhibited similar tendencies to those in group III. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CYP2C9 polymorphism significantly influences the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glipizide, which needs to be considered in clinical practice. CYP2C19 polymorphism exhibits a tendency to influence the effects of glipizide, to a certain extent similarly to CYP2C9 polymorphism.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 Feb 5; 315(1-2): 308-13
Yang M, Chisholm JW, Soelaiman S, Shryock JC
Activation of GPR40 is reported to enhance insulin secretion in the presence of glucose. We determined whether sulfonylureas could replace glucose for GPR40-mediated enhancement of insulin secretion and investigated underlying mechanisms using INS-1E cells. GW9508, a specific agonist of GPR40, significantly enhanced insulin secretion in the presence of high concentrations of glucose. In contrast, sulfonylureas increased insulin secretion in the absence of glucose. In the presence of sulfonylureas, activation of GPR40 significantly enhanced insulin secretion. The L-type calcium channel (LTCC) activator S-(-)-Bay K8644 also concentration-dependently increased insulin secretion in the absence of glucose. In the presence of 10 micromol/L S-(-)-Bay K8644, GW9508 significantly increased insulin secretion. On the other hand, the LTCC blocker nifedipine significantly inhibited insulin secretion mediated by either glucose, glipizide or glucose plus GW9508. Thus, sulfonylureas could replace glucose to support GPR40-mediated enhancement of insulin secretion, whereas blockage of LTCC reduced both glucose and sulfonylurea-mediated insulin secretion.
Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Jul; 10(6): 643-58
Xu H, Murray M, McLachlan AJ
Sulfonylurea drugs including chlorpropamide, gliclazide, tolbutamide, glipizide, glibenclamide (glyburide) and glimepiride are the most widely used oral hypoglycaemic agents in people with type 2 diabetes. This review investigates the impact of genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sulfonylurea drugs. CYP2C9 is the major enzyme involved in sulfonylurea drug metabolism. CYP2C9 variant allele carriers have significant lower apparent clearance of these medicines. CYP2C19 genotype is more influential for gliclazide pharmacokinetics when compared to CYP2C9. Sulfonylurea pharmacodynamics is affected by several genes. Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1, ABCC8 gene) and K+ inward rectifier Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) have been correlated to significant variation in sulfonylurea response. Diabetics with the SUR1 exon 33 G allele are more sensitive to gliclazide and the rs5210 variant of the KCNJ11 gene was associated with improved clinical efficacy of gliclazide. Carriers of Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) variants are more likely to fail sulfonylurea therapy. On the other hand, patients with HNF-1alpha mutations had a significant greater response to gliclazide when compared to those with type 2 diabetes. The Arg972 polymorphism of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) may lead to secondary failure of sulfonylurea therapy. Calpain 10 gene (CAPN10) polymorphism has also been linked to sulfonylurea drug response. Despite the available evidence, larger population studies that investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sulfonylurea drugs are needed to investigate the influence of key SNPs amidst all potential contributing factors to variability in response to these which inturn will provide information to optimise sulfonylurea use in people with diabetes.