Our library of drug research abstracts drawn from the medical literature is updated on a regular schedule, and you can be assured that new kenalog research articles will be listed here shortly after becoming available to us.
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Medical research on kenalog
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2008 Aug; 35(8): 1435-8
Uchida K, Hayashi K, Kuramochi H, Nakajima G, Yamamoto M
We described 3 cases of stomatitis caused by chemotherapy with the fluoropyrimidine preparation S-1, alone or combined with other anticancer drugs. The stomatitis did not respond to conventional oral mucosal treatment such as triamcinolone acetonide(Kenalog)or allopurinol, but improved after treatment with the histamine H2-receptor antagonist lafutidine. The concurrent use of lafutidine allowed these 3 patients to continue chemotherapy with no recurrence of stomatitis. We concluded that lafutidine may be a viable treatment option for chemotherapy-induced stomatitis, allowing treatment to be continued.
Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2008 May; 36(4): 395
Goawalla A, Lee V
Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2008 May; 36(4): 394-5; author reply 395
Brown TM, Pandya VB, Masselos K, Wang LW, Lee KJ, Figueira EC, Francis IC
Concentrating method for intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection.
Retina. 2008 Jul-Aug; 28(7): 1023; author reply 1023
Hernaez-Ortega MC, Soto-Pedre E
Intravitreal silicone oil droplets after intravitreal drug injections.
Retina. 2008 Jul-Aug; 28(7): 996-1001
Bakri SJ, Ekdawi NS
PURPOSE: To present the finding of tiny silicone oil droplets in 15 eyes of 15 patients after intravitreal injections of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent or triamcinolone acetonide and to discuss the likely source of silicone oil. METHODS: In an observational case series, charts of patients who had undergone intravitreal injections by one surgeon were reviewed retrospectively. The finding of intravitreal silicone oil droplets was noted. The following information was also documented: number and type of injections before the appearance of silicone oil droplets, symptoms and evidence of ocular inflammation, visual acuity before and after silicone oil droplets, length of follow-up, and visual acuity at the last examination. RESULTS: Fifteen eyes of 15 patients were found to have silicone oil droplets documented after a various number of injections (range, 1-16). Patients were asymptomatic, and there were no adverse side effects associated with the presence of silicone oil droplets at examination. CONCLUSIONS: Silicone oil droplets may occur in the vitreous cavity after intravitreal drug injections. There were no adverse effects found associated with silicone oil in the vitreous after injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents or triamcinolone acetonide. The likely source of silicone oil is the needles and syringes used for the injections.
Retina. 2008 Jul-Aug; 28(7): 947-56
Ma J, Yao K, Zhang Z, Tang X
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of 25-gauge vitrectomy and triamcinolone acetonide (TA)-assisted internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for chronic cystoid macular edema (CCME) in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: Thirty-four patients (38 eyes) presenting with CCME in BRVO were treated prospectively by 25-gauge vitrectomy and ILM peeling. Change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CCME status were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, and 7 months. RESULTS: Mean postoperative logMAR BCVAs +/- SD were 0.69 +/- 0.42, 0.65 +/- 0.41, 0.59 +/- 0.32, 0.39 +/- 0.27, 0.35 +/- 0.31, 0.32 +/- 0.28, and 0.32 +/- 0.31 at the seven follow-up months, respectively. Mean foveal thicknesses +/- SD were 443 +/- 60 microm, 212 +/- 67 microm, 188 +/- 41 microm, 176 +/- 53 microm, 173 +/- 41 microm, 171 +/- 39 microm, and 170 +/- 41 microm at the 7 follow-up months, respectively. Compared with before surgery, BCVA improved, and CCME was absorbed significantly (P < 0.01, Dunnett test). Foveal thickness and logMAR BCVA 7 months after surgery had a significant negative linear correlation (r = -0.81, P < 0.01; Spearman rank correlation). CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-five-gauge vitrectomy with TA-assisted ILM peeling is generally effective in reducing macular edema and improving BCVA for CCME in BRVO for at least 7 months.
Purinergic receptor activation inhibits osmotic glial cell swelling in the diabetic rat retina.
Exp Eye Res. 2008 Jul 18;
Wurm A, Iandiev I, Hollborn M, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A, Zimmermann H, Bringmann A, Pannicke T
The anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid, triamcinolone acetonide, is used clinically for the rapid resolution of diabetic macular edema. Osmotic swelling of glial cells may contribute to the development of retinal edema. Triamcinolone inhibits the swelling of retinal glial cells of diabetic rats. Here, we determined whether the effect of triamcinolone is mediated by a receptor-dependent mechanism. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats with streptozotocin injection. After 6-10months, the swelling properties of glial cells in retinal slices upon hypotonic challenge were determined. Nucleotide-degrading ecto-enzymes were immunostained in retinal slices and glial cells. Hypotonic challenge did not change the size of glial cell bodies from control retinas but induced swelling of cells from diabetic animals. Triamcinolone inhibited glial cell swelling; this effect was prevented by a selective antagonist of adenosine A1 receptors, an inhibitor of nucleoside transporters, inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A activation, and inhibitors of potassium and chloride channels. In diabetic (but not control) retinas, the effect of triamcinolone apparently involves extracellular nucleotide degradation. Glial cells from diabetic retinas displayed immunolabeling against nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1) which was not observed in control retinas. The mRNA expression for NTPDase1 was significantly increased in the retina of diabetic rats. It is suggested that triamcinolone induces the release and formation of endogenous adenosine that subsequently activates A1 receptors resulting in ion efflux through potassium and chloride channels and prevention of osmotic swelling. Whereas adenosine is liberated via facilitated transport in control retinas, an extracellular formation of adenosine contributes to the effect of triamcinolone in diabetic retinas.
Am J Rhinol. 2008 Aug 4;
Kang IG, Yoon BK, Jung JH, Cha HE, Kim ST
BACKGROUND: Topical corticosteroid spray is widely used after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) to reduce the recurrence of polyposis. However, it has not always shown satisfactory results in clinical practice. We compared the effects of topical spray and high-dose topical steroid gauze packing on the prevention of recurrent nasal polyps after ESS.METHODS: We selected 32 patients with recurrent nasal polyps after ESS. In group 1, 18 patients were treated with topical steroid spray and in group 2, 14 patients were treated with triamcinolone acetonide-soaked (40 mg) gauze packing once a week for 2 months after revision ESS. We observed the recurrence of polyps between the two groups for 12 months.RESULTS: Polyps recurred in 8 of 18 patients in group 1 compared with 1 of 14 patients in group 2 (p equal to 0.044).CONCLUSION: High-dose topical corticosteroid therapy may be more effective than low-dose topical therapy in preventing recurrent nasalpolyps.
Digital ischemia after carpal tunnel injection: a case report.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Aug; 89(8): 1607-10
Payne JM, Brault JS
A 51-year-old woman described paresthesias in her right thumb, index, and middle fingers consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome. Using a sterile technique, a 25-G, 1 1/4-in needle was introduced ulnar to the palmaris longus tendon, and a mixture of 1.5 mL of 40 mg/mL of triamcinolone acetonide and 1.5 mL of 1% lidocaine was injected. After the injection, the patient's hand exhibited signs of ischemia including coolness and discoloration. Rewarming of the hand with paraffin was performed immediately, and normative color returned. At follow-up visits, the patient described burning in the hand, and blotchiness of the digits was noted. A magnetic resonance imaging angiogram of the right wrist showed a single deep palmar arch. Electromyography and nerve conduction study weeks after the injection showed bilateral median neuropathies, moderately severe on the right and mild on the left. She underwent an open carpal tunnel release 6 weeks postinjection. The patient did well and returned to her job without restrictions. The exact etiology of the hand ischemia is unclear but may be related to vasospasm as has been described in the spine-injection literature. Regardless of the etiology, this case shows an uncommon adverse event in a commonly performed procedure and raises questions for further review.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008 May 1;
Kim YM, Lim JO, Kim HK, Kim SY, Shin JP
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biodegradable intrascleral implants for the slow release of triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Intrascleral implant (1mm thick; 3mm diameter) was made of PLA (poly(d,l-lactide)) containing 6.4mg of TA with one-side coating of high molecular weight PLA to render unidirectional drug absorption through the sclera. In vitro TA release was evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy for 90 days. In vivo release of TA was measured in aqueous humor, vitreous, and retina-choroid at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after intrascleral implantation in 20 rabbit eyes. Implant toxicity and biocompatibility were evaluated by slit lamp examinations, indirect ophthalmoscopy, intraocular pressure measurements, electroretinography, and histological examinations. In vitro studies demonstrated that the implants released TA in a controlled manner over 90 days. In vivo, TA was detected in aqueous humor until 4 weeks and in retina-choroid until 8 weeks after implantation, but was detected constantly over 12 weeks in vitreous. No significant retinal toxicity was observed. These results suggest that the devised intrascleral implant offers a promising controlled release system for the delivery of TA to the posterior segment of the eye.