Our library of drug research abstracts drawn from the medical literature is updated on a regular schedule, and you can be assured that new ranitidine research articles will be listed here shortly after becoming available to us.
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Medical research on ranitidine
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Nov 20;
Ono S, Kato M, Ono Y, Imai A, Yoshida T, Shimizu Y, Asaka M
Abstract Background and Aim: Histamine 2 receptor antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors, drugs that are widely used for the treatment of acid-related diseases, have different clinical characteristics. The objective of this study was to compare the acid-suppressing effects of ranitidine hydrochloride and those of rabeprazole sodium at the first administration and re-administration after withdrawal. Methods: The study was designed as an open-label, randomized, two-way cross-over trial. Seven Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Ranitidine hydrochloride (300 mg/day) or rabeprazole sodium (20 mg/day) was administered from days 1 to 7 and from days 11 to 13. The percentage of time with gastric pH < 4 and the median gastric pH were evaluated for 15 consecutive days by a Bravo capsule fixed to the stomach. Results: On day 1, there was no significant difference between the acid-suppressing effects of the two drugs (ranitidine vs rabeprazole: not significant). Although rabeprazole sodium maintained a potent and stable effect from days 2 to 7 (ranitidine vs rabeprazole: P < 0.05), the effect of ranitidine hydrochloride was attenuated after day 4. In addition, the effect of ranitidine hydrochloride at re-administration was attenuated (days 11, 12, and 13 vs pre-administration: not significant). Conclusion: In view of our observations, we expect symptoms associated with gastric acidity to be more adequately controlled with rabeprazole sodium in the short term when compared to ranitidine hydrochloride.
Repeat prescribing: which diagnoses, which drugs?
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2000 Jul; 9(4): 305-11
Connolly JP, McGavock H
Background-Repeat prescribing should be limited to drugs which are to be prescribed on a long-term basis to patients whose conditions are stable. Early studies were based on small sample sizes. The definition of repeat prescribing has not been consistent and interpractice variation in repeat prescribing has not been described.Aims-To describe the diagnostic categories and anatomical groups associated with repeat prescriptions; to describe interpractice variation associated with repeat prescribing and to describe the repeat to consultation ratio for the most frequently prescribed diagnoses and drugs.Method-Doctors from a stratified quota sample of 22 Northern Ireland practices recorded their perceived diagnosis for every consultation and for every repeat prescription over a 2-week period.Results-The diagnostic categories significantly associated with repeat prescriptions were digestive, cardiovascular, neurological, psychiatric and metabolic ( p < 0.0001). The anatomical drug categories significantly associated with repeat prescriptions were gastrointestinal drugs, cardiovascular drugs, central nervous system drugs, dressings and appliances (p < 0.0001). There was wide interpractice variation in repeat prescribing (both overall and for individual anatomical groups) and associated diagnoses. High repeat to consultation ratios were recorded for ranitidine, temazepam and diazepan.Conclusions-Wide interpractice variation in repeat prescribing and associated diagnoses revealed poor consensus among practices. Therefore, the approach to the management of common conditions - whether to consult or issue a repeat prescription - was not uniform. The implications of these findings require further research. Commonly occurring diagnoses and drugs had unacceptably high repeat to consultation ratios. Copyright (c) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cimetidine use and risk of breast, prostate, and other cancers.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2000 Mar; 9(2): 149-55
Habel LA, Levin TR, Friedman GD
Purpose - The study was conducted to examine whether use of cimetidine is associated with the risk of cancer, with special attention to cancers of the breast and prostate because cimetidine increases estradiol levels and interferes with androgen binding. Methods - Individuals who received a prescription of cimetidine were identified from two computerized pharmacy databases of medications dispensed at Northern California Kaiser Permanente between 1982 and 1987. Users of ranitidine, a histamine-2 receptor antagonist that does not appear to influence estrogen levels or androgen binding, and non-users of either cimetidine or ranitidine, were also identified from these databases. Study subjects were followed through December 1995 for new diagnoses of cancer. Cox regression was used to estimate relative risks of cancer associated with use of cimetidine and ranitidine. Non-users of cimetidine and ranitidine were the referent group for all analyses. Result - While there were very modest increases and decreases in risk for some cancer sites among cimetidine users, most were within the limits of chance given no true association. Furthermore, similar risks of these cancers were also observed among ranitidine users. Conclusions - Although our results do not support an association between cancer risk and cimetidine use, it is one of the most widely prescribed drugs in the US and may now be purchased over-the-counter. The potential effect of cimetidine on risk of cancer, especially those that are hormone-related, should continue to be monitored, preferably in larger study populations. Copyright (c) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of drug utilization in Serbia during the years 1996 and 1997.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2000 Jan; 9(1): 59-64
Milena M, Ljiljana D
Analysis of drug utilization is an important factor in promoting rational pharmacotherapy. The aim of this paper was to present and analyse prescribed medication consumption in community pharmacies in Serbia, during 1996 and 1997. Results of this analysis were expressed as defined daily doses (DDD/1000 inhabitants/day). It was shown that in both years the same five drugs comprised the five most frequently prescribed. The most frequently prescribed was the anxiolytic, diazepam (15.62 in 1996; 14.71 in 1997) with a trend of decreasing consumption. The second drug was indapamide also decreasing in use (14.20; 11.91), although its pharmacodynamic characteristics are not enough justification for its dominant position among antihypertensives. In the third position, in both years, was the H(2)-receptor antagonist ranitidine (6.01; 5.31). The next most prescribed drug in both years was ampicillin (3.30; 3.11). Decreased consumption in 1997 of the oral form of penicillin with an extended spectrum is encouraging, although consumption has still been high and this demands additional efforts from the health professionals. In the fifth position was cephalexin (2.45; 2.43) which indicated that antiinfectives for systemic use in both years increased the budget of health insurance. The decrease in utilization of certain drugs during 1997 in comparison with 1996, was a consequence of medical factors (partial rationalization of pharmacotherapy), and non-medical factors (periodic deficiency of certain drugs). Copyright (c) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On-demand Requirements in Patient with Endoscopy-Negative GERD: H2-blocker versus PPI.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Oct 22;
Juul-Hansen P, Rydning A
Background: It is questionable whether a symptomatic condition with few serious medical consequences requires high-potent PPI treatment. If effective, a low-potent treatment may be preferable. Aim: To compare H2-blocker in an effervescent formulation with PPI in on-demand treatment of endoscopy-negative GERD. Methods: Included were patients with heartburn and/or acid regurgitation for at least 3 months duration, a negative endoscopy, and a positive response to 7 days of lansoprazole 60 mg daily. Following pH-metry, the patients were randomised to either ranitidine effervescent tablets 75 mg or lansoprazole capsules 15 mg to a maximum of 4 per day on-demand. The numbers taken was registered monthly for 6 months. If unsuccessful treatment (lack of efficacy or side-effects), patients were registered as failures. Results: 103 patients were included, 63 were considered for statistical analysis; 32 on lansoprazole, 31 on ranitidine. Seventeen (55%) on ranitidine and 4 (13%) on lansoprazole failed. The average number of tablets per day was 1,2 in the lansoprazole group and 3,1 in the ranitidine group. Conclusion: On-demand treatment in patients with endoscopy-negative GERD gives a high success rate with a fairly low dose of PPI. The H2-blocker had significantly less success; nevertheless almost half were satisfied with the treatment.
Regul Pept. 2008 Oct 10;
Rudholm T, Wallin B, Theodorsson E, Näslund E, Hellström PM
The impact of exposure of the intestinal mucosa to acid and hyperosmolal solutions on the release of the inhibitory gut peptides somatostatin (SOM), neurotensin (NT) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was studied in conscious rats during pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. The animals were equipped with a chronic gastric fistula to measure acid secretion and a jejunal Thiry-Vella loop for intestinal challenge with saline, hydrochloric acid (HCl, 200 mmol L(-1)) or hyperosmolal polyethylene glycol (PEG, 1200 mOsm kg(-1)). Gut peptide concentrations were measured in intestinal perfusates, and in plasma samples collected during stimulated acid secretion, and at the end of experiments with luminal challenge of the loops. After pentagastrin-stimulation acid secretion was dose-dependently inhibited by intravenous administration of the gastrin receptor antagonist gastrazole, as well as ranitidine and esomeprazole by maximally 73+/-10%; 95+/-3%; 90+/-10%, respectively. Acid perfusion of the Thiry-Vella loop caused a prominent release of SOM both to the lumen (from 7.2+/-5.0 to 1279+/-580 pmol L(-1)) and to the circulation (from 18+/-5.2 to 51+/-9.0 pmol L(-1)) simultaneously with an inhibition of gastric acid secretion. The release of NT and VIP was not affected to the same extent. PEG perfusion of the loop caused a release of SOM as well as NT and VIP, but less. Simultaneously acid secretion was slightly decreased. In conclusion, intestinal perfusion with acid or hyperosmolal solutions mainly releases SOM, which seems to exert a major inhibitory action in the gut, as shown by inhibition of acid secretion. The other peptides NT and VIP also participate in this action but to a much lesser degree. The operative pathways of these gut peptides hence involve both endocrine (SOM) and paracrine actions (SOM, NT, VIP) in order to exert inhibitory functions on the stomach. The inhibitory action of gastrazole, was in a similar range as that of SOM implying that physiological acid-induced inhibition of gastric acid may primarily be exerted through inhibition of gastrin endocrine secretion.
Transport of Dicationic Drugs Pentamidine and Furamidine by Human Organic Cation Transporters.
Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Oct 29;
Ming X, Ju W, Wu H, Tidwell RR, Hall JE, Thakker DR
The antiparasitic activity of aromatic diamidine drugs, pentamidine and furamidine, depends on their entry into the pathogenic protozoa via membrane transporters. However, no such diamidine transporter has been identified in mammalian cells. The goal of this study is to investigate whether these dicationic drugs are substrates for human organic cation transporters (hOCTs, SLC22A1-3), and whether hOCTs play roles in their tissue distribution, elimination and toxicity. Inhibitory and substrate activities of pentamidine and furamidine were studied in stably transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The results of [(3)H]1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) uptake inhibition study showed that pentamidine is a potent inhibitor for all three OCT isoforms (IC50 < 20 microM), whereas furamidine is a potent inhibitor for hOCT1 and hOCT3 (IC50 < 21 microM), but less potent inhibitor for hOCT2 (IC50 = 189.2 microM). Both diamidines are good substrates for hOCT1 (Km = 36.4 and 6.1 microM, respectively), but neither is a substrate for hOCT2 or hOCT3. The cytotoxicity of pentamidine and furamidine was 4.4-fold and 9.3-fold greater, respectively, in CHO-hOCT1 cells compared to the mock cells. Ranitidine, an hOCT1 inhibitor, reversed this hOCT1-mediated potentiation of cytotoxicity. This is the first finding that dicationic drugs, such as pentamidine and furamidine, are substrates for hOCT1. In humans, aromatic diamidines are primarily eliminated in the bile, but are distributed and cause toxicity in both liver and kidney. These transporters may play important roles in the disposition of aromatic diamidines in humans, and resultant drug-drug interactions as well as toxicity involving diamidine drugs.
Talanta. 2006 Nov 15; 70(4): 678-90
Gros M, Petrović M, Barceló D
This paper describes development, optimization and validation of a method for the simultaneous determination of 29 multi-class pharmaceuticals using off line solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Target compounds include analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs), lipid regulators, psychiatric drugs, anti-histaminics, anti-ulcer agent, antibiotics and beta-blockers. Recoveries obtained were generally higher than 60% for both surface and wastewaters, with exception of several compounds that yielded lower, but still acceptable recoveries: ranitidine (50%), sotalol (50%), famotidine (50%) and mevastatin (34%). The overall variability of the method was below 15%, for all compounds and all tested matrices. Method detection limits (MDL) varied between 1 and 30ng/L and from 3 to 160ng/L for surface and wastewaters, respectively. The precision of the method, calculated as relative standard deviation (R.S.D.), ranged from 0.2 to 6% and from 1 to 11% for inter and intra-day analysis, respectively. A detailed study of matrix effects was performed in order to evaluate the suitability of different calibration approaches (matrix-matched external calibration, internal calibration, extract dilution) to reduce analyte suppression or enhancement during instrumental analysis. The main advantages and drawbacks of each approach are demonstrated, justifying the selection of internal standard calibration as the most suitable approach for our study. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical residues in WWTP influents and effluents, as well as in river water. For both, river and wastewaters, the most ubiquitous compounds belonged to the group of anti-inflammatories and analgesics, antibiotics, the lipid regulators being acetaminophen, trimethoprim, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, atenolol, propranolol, mevastatin, carbamazepine and ranitidine the most frequently detected compounds.
Talanta. 2004 Feb 27; 62(3): 511-22
Meloun M, Syrový T, Vrána A
The mixed dissociation constants of five drug acids-ambroxol, antazoline, naphazoline, oxymetazoline and ranitidine-at various ionic strengths I of range 0.01 and 1.0 and at temperatures of 25 and 37 degrees C were determined using SQUAD(84) regression analysis of the pH-spectrophotometric titration data. A proposed strategy of efficient experimentation in a protonation constants determination, followed by a computational strategy for the chemical model with a protonation constants determination, is presented on the protonation equilibria of ambroxol. The thermodynamic dissociation constant pK(a)(T) was estimated by non-linear regression of {pK(a), I} data at 25 and 37 degrees C: for ambroxol p K (a ,1)(T )=8.05 (6) and 8.25 (4), logbeta (21)(T )=11.67 (6) and 11.83 (8), for antazoline p K (a ,1)(T )=7.79 (2) and 7.83 (6), p K (a ,2)(T )=9.74 (3) and 9.55 (2), for naphazoline pK (a ,1)(T )=10.81 (1) and 10.63 (1), for oxymethazoline pK (a ,1)(T )=10.62 (2) and 10.77 (7), pK(a,2)(T)=12.03(3) and 11.82 (4) and for ranitidine p K (a ,1)(T )=1.89 (1) and 1.77 (1). Goodness-of-fit tests for various regression diagnostics enabled the reliability of the parameter estimates to be found.
Phase II study of weekly paclitaxel by one-hour infusion for advanced gastric cancer.
Surg Today. 2008; 38(11): 1013-20
Emi Y, Yamamoto M, Takahashi I, Orita H, Kakeji Y, Kohnoe S, Maehara Y
PURPOSE: A phase clinical II trial was conducted to determine the antitumor activity and toxicity of weekly paclitaxel administered to patients with advanced gastric cancer. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with advanced gastric cancer and performance status 0-2 were treated with 80 mg/m(2) paclitaxel over 1 h following a short course of premedication with dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and ranitidine administered 30 min prior to the delivery of the paclitaxel. In principle, the treatment was repeated weekly for three courses, followed by a 1-week rest. RESULTS: Objective responses were observed in 12 of 68 patients (17.6%; 95% confidence interval: 9.5%-28.8%). Two of fourteen (14.2%) patients with no prior chemotherapy and 10 of 54 (18.5%) patients previously treated for metastatic disease developed a partial response. The median therapeutic duration and the median survival time were 96 days and 222 days, respectively. In 212 (85.5%) of 248 total cycles, the original dose of 80 mg/m(2) of paclitaxel was administered and was well tolerated. Fourteen of 68 patients (20.1%) experienced grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. Grade 1 or 2 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 10 patients (14.7%). CONCLUSION: Weekly paclitaxel therapy is an active and safe treatment for advanced gastric cancer.