Our library of drug research abstracts drawn from the medical literature is updated on a regular schedule, and you can be assured that new terazosin research articles will be listed here shortly after becoming available to us.
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alpha(1)-Adrenoceptors augment thermal hyperalgesia in mildly burnt skin.
Eur J Pain. 2008 Jun 2;
Drummond PD
The effect of the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine on sensitivity to heat was investigated at three sites of mild burn injury in the cutaneous forearm of 19 healthy participants. Two of the sites were pre-treated with the alpha(1)-antagonist terazosin, to determine whether the effect of phenylephrine was mediated by alpha(1)-adrenoceptors. Terazosin was administered before the burn injury at one site, and after the burn injury at the other site. In another 15 participants, the nociceptive effect of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine was investigated with and without prior treatment with the alpha(2)-antagonist rauwolscine. Drugs were introduced into the skin by iontophoresis, and burns were induced by heating the skin to 48 degrees C for 2min. Heat pain thresholds to a temperature ramp (0.5 degrees C/s), and heat pain ratings to a thermal stimulus (45 degrees C, 7s), were determined before and after the administration of each drug. Thermal hyperalgesia provoked by phenylephrine was inhibited by terazosin administered after the burn injury, but not by terazosin administered before the burn injury. However, neither alpha(2)-adrenoceptor stimulation nor blockade affected sensitivity to heat in the mildly burnt skin. These findings suggest that stimulation of cutaneous alpha(1)-adrenoceptors increased the excitability of heat-sensitized nociceptive afferents. As terazosin was more effective when administered in burnt skin, an inflammatory response induced by the burn injury may have facilitated access of adrenergic agents to alpha(1)-adrenoceptors.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 May 14;
Miyazato M, Kaiho Y, Kamo I, Chancellor MB, Sugaya K, de Groat WC, Yoshimura N
We investigated the effect of duloxetine, a norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor, on the neurally evoked urethral continence reflex induced by sneezing in rats. To clarify the role of noradrenergic and serotonergic mechanisms in preventing stress urinary incontinence (SUI) during sneezing, we examined the effect of duloxetine followed by intrathecal (i.t.) methiothepin maleate (5-HT receptor and alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist), terazosin or idazoxan (selective alpha1 or alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists, respectively). Amplitudes of urethral pressure responses during sneezing (A-URS), urethral baseline pressure (UBP) at the mid-urethra and sneeze-induced leak point pressure (S-LPP) were measured in normal female adult rats and rats with SUI induced by vaginal distention (VD). In normal and VD rats, intravenous (i.v.) application of duloxetine (1mg/kg) increased A-URS by 35 and 34% and UBP by 21 and 34%, respectively. Sneezing induced fluid leakage from the urethral orifice was observed in VD rats, but not in normal rats. S-LPP was increased 39.1 to 92.2 cmH2O by i.v. duloxetine in incontinent VD rats. Duloxetine-mediated enhancement of A-URS was inhibited by terazosin, but not methiothepin maleate (i.t.). In addition, simultaneous i.t. application of methiothepin and terazosin induced a reduction in A-URS during sneezing, which was not increased by i.v. duloxetine. However, the reduced A-URS after i.t. application of methiothepin and terazosin returned to the control level when duloxetine (i.v.) was applied following i.t. idazoxan administration. These results indicate that duloxetine can prevent SUI by facilitating noradrenergic and serotonergic systems in the spinal cord to enhance the sneeze-induced active urethral closure mechanism. Key words: urinary incontinence, neural pathway, adrenergic and serotonergic reuptake inhibitors, birth trauma.
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis caused by terazosin hydrochloride.
J Drugs Dermatol. 2008 Apr; 7(4): 395-7
Speck LM, Wilkerson MG, Perri AJ, Kelly BC
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare cutaneous eruption mainly provoked by drugs. A case of AGEP in a 74-year-old male that was attributed to the ingestion of terazosin hydrochloride is presented. This is the first reported case of this association in medical literature. The history, clinical presentation, and pathogenesis of AGEP are discussed.
Urology. 2008 May 1;
Onur R, Tasdemir C, Seckin D, Ilhan N, Kutlu S, Akpolat N
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of terazosin and melatonin on isolated rabbit bladder strips after partial bladder outlet obstruction and determine responses to agonist-induced contractility and changes in oxidant-antioxidant system. METHODS: We created partial bladder outlet obstruction in 5 groups of rabbits, each containing 8. Rabbits with sham operation (group 1) received no drug treatment. Similarly, animals in group 2 underwent partial bladder outlet obstruction and received no drug treatment. Rabbits in groups 3 were administered 5 mg/day oral terazosin, and rabbits in group 4 received 10 mg/kg/day melatonin intraperitoneally. Animals in group 5 received both terazosin and melatonin. We removed their bladders and performed histopathological and biochemical measurements. We assessed tissue malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activity levels and recorded in vitro contractility response to KCl in isolated organ baths. RESULTS: The thickness of muscularis propria was significantly increased in group 2 compared with all other groups. KCl-evoked contractions after partial outlet obstruction were significantly impaired in group 3 and 4 animals receiving terazosin and melatonin, respectively. However, combined use of melatonin and terazosin in group 5 showed contractility responses similar to sham-operated animals (P
Synapse. 2008 Jul; 62(7): 516-23
Lin Y, Quartermain D, Dunn AJ, Weinshenker D, Stone EA
alpha(1)-Adrenoceptors of the locus coeruleus (LC) have been implicated in behavioral activation in novel surroundings, but the endogenous agonist that activates these receptors has not been established. In addition to the canonical activation of alpha(1)-receptors by norepinephrine (NE), there is evidence that dopamine (DA) may also activate certain brain alpha(1)-receptors. This study examined the contribution of DA to exploratory activity in a novel cage by determining the effect of infusion of various dopaminergic and adrenergic drugs into the mouse LC. It was found that the D2/D3 agonist, quinpirole, which selectively blocks the release of CNS DA, produced a dose-dependent and virtually complete abolition of exploration and all movement in the novel cage test. The quinpirole-induced inactivity was significantly attenuated by coinfusion of DA but not by the D1 agonist, SKF38390. Furthermore, the DA attenuation of quinpirole inactivity was blocked by coinfusion of the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist, terazosin, but not by the D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390. LC infusions of either quinpirole or terazosin also produced profound inactivity in DA-beta-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh -/-) mice that lack NE, indicating that their behavioral effects were not due to an alteration of the release or action of LC NE. Measurement of endogenous DA, NE, and 5HT and their metabolites in the LC during exposure to the novel cage indicated an increase in the turnover of DA and NE but not 5HT. These results indicate that DA is a candidate as an endogenous agonist for behaviorally activating LC alpha(1)-receptors and may play a role in the activation of this nucleus by novel surroundings.
Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome associated with alpha1-adrenergic receptor antagonists.
Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Apr; 42(4): 558-63
Cantrell MA, Bream-Rouwenhorst HR, Steffensmeier A, Hemerson P, Rogers M, Stamper B
OBJECTIVE: To describe intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) in association with alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(1)AR) antagonists by conducting a thorough literature review. DATA SOURCES: Literature retrieval was accomplished by searching MEDLINE (2000-December 2007) using the terms intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS), adrenergic alpha-antagonist(s), tamsulosin, doxazosin, terazosin, and/or alfuzosin. In addition, reference lists from identified publications were reviewed to identify additional reports and studies of interest. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All articles in English identified from data sources were reviewed for relevance and uniqueness prior to inclusion. DATA SYNTHESIS: IFIS was first described in 2005 as a clinical triad observed during cataract surgery that includes fluttering and billowing of the iris stroma, propensity for iris prolapse, and constriction of the pupil. IFIS increases the risk of complications during cataract surgery. Numerous reports have linked IFIS to use of alpha(1)AR antagonists, most notably tamsulosin, which is prescribed for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin blocks prostatic alpha(1A)ARs but may also selectively block alpha(1A)ARs in the iris dilator muscle, preventing mydriasis during cataract surgery. Other alpha(1)AR antagonists, including terazosin, doxazosin, and alfuzosin, have also been linked to IFIS; however, their relationship to the syndrome is not as definitive. When ophthalmologists are aware of a patient's previous alpha(1)AR antagonist exposure, specific steps can be taken to reduce the risk of surgical complications. Corrective measures used during surgery have included iris expansion hooks, intracameral phenylephrine, and preoperative atropine. CONCLUSIONS: IFIS is a clinical syndrome observed during cataract surgery reported in patients taking systemic alpha(1)AR antagonists. It has been most strongly linked to use of tamsulosin. Medication washout periods of up to 2 weeks and specific surgical procedures have been attempted to reduce risk of complications from alpha(1)AR antagonists in the setting of cataract surgery. Patients should be educated regarding potential risks of this drug class so that they can discuss them with their healthcare providers, specifically ophthalmologists, prior to cataract surgery.
FPIN's clinical inquiries. Medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Am Fam Physician. 2008 Mar 1; 77(5): 665-6
Rich KT, Safranek S
Efficacy of an alpha1 blocker in expulsive therapy of lower ureteral stones.
J Endourol. 2008 Jan; 22(1): 41-6
Wang CJ, Huang SW, Chang CH
PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical role of an alpha(1a-1d)-specific blocker in the medical expulsive therapy of symptomatic lower ureteral stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out from May 2005 to December 2006 and involved 95 patients. All patients, who had symptomatic lower ureteral stones
Role of alpha1-blockers in chronic prostatitis syndromes.
BJU Int. 2008 Mar; 101 Suppl 3: 11-6
Nickel JC
Category III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is the most commonly diagnosed prostatitis syndrome. CP/CPPS is characterized by lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of which pain (particularly perineal pain and pain on ejaculation) and dysfunctional voiding cause the greatest morbidity and poor quality of life. There is no standard treatment for CP/CPPS. Patients report only transient relief of symptoms from currently available therapies and are frequently required to change treatments. The origin of LUTS and possibly the pelvic pain (e.g. on ejaculation) is thought to be prolonged smooth muscle contraction in the bladder and prostate, caused by alpha(1)-adrenoceptor activation. alpha(1)-Blockers are not indicated in the treatment of CP/CPPS but clinical experience suggests that they might be of benefit, possibly by promoting smooth muscle relaxation. Encouraging results of three phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluating (using a validated instrument) the efficacy of alfuzosin, tamsulosin and terazosin in alpha(1)-blocker-naïve patients with CP/CPPS, support this hypothesis. The National Institute of Health and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases are currently conducting a large phase III trial in 272 newly diagnosed and alpha(1)-blocker-naïve CP/CPPS patients randomized to received alfuzosin 10 mg once daily or placebo for 12 weeks.
J Urol. 2008 Apr; 179(4): 1461-9
Low BY, Liong ML, Yuen KH, Chee C, Leong WS, Chong WL, Khan NA, Cheah PY, Liong KK
PURPOSE: We determined the clinical efficacy and safety of terazosin in the treatment of patients with female lower urinary tract symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 females 20 to 70 years old who met the inclusion criteria of total International Prostate Symptom Score 8 or greater, symptom duration 1 or more months, and did not meet any exclusion criteria were entered into the study. Subjects were randomized to receive terazosin or placebo in titrated dose from 1 mg od, 1 mg twice daily to 2 mg twice daily during 14 weeks. Successful treatment outcomes use primary end point of International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life 2 or less and secondary end point of total International Prostate Symptom Score 7 or less. Other outcome measures included International Prostate Symptom Score individual item scores, King's Health Questionnaire quality of life domains, objective assessment parameters of 24-hour frequency volume chart, maximum flow rate and post-void residual urine. RESULTS: Using a primary end point, 32 of 40 (80%) evaluable terazosin subjects responded in contrast to 22 of 40 (55%) evaluable placebo subjects (p