Our library of drug research abstracts drawn from the medical literature is updated on a regular schedule, and you can be assured that new trusopt research articles will be listed here shortly after becoming available to us.
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Medical research on trusopt
[Efficacy of topic ocular hipotensive agents after posterior capsulotomy.]
Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2008 Sep-Oct; 71(5): 706-10
Minello AA, Prata Junior JA, Mello PA
PURPOSE: To analyze and compare the effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) of several topic hypotensive agents after posterior capsulotomy with Nd:YAG laser in non glaucoma patients. METHODS: 145 pseudophakic eyes underwent to Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Before capsulotomy. 21 were treated with apraclonidine, 20 with brimonidine, 23 with dorzolamide, 20 with latanoprost, 20 with pilocarpine, and 20 with timolol. Controls (21 eyes) received placebo. IOP measurements (Goldmann applanation tonometry) were taken under masked conditions 1 hour before procedure and after 1 and 2 hours. If postoperative PIO was above 20 mmHg its measurements were extended to 4 and 24 hours. Capsulotomy was performed with Abraham lens, under topic anesthetic, using Nd:YAG laser. Ocular hypertension would be considered if the IOP had suffered an increase of 4 mmHg above the initial. Mean total energy used was 2.1 +/- 1 mJ. RESULTS: The preoperative IOP did not differ statistically among groups. Mean IOPs of treated eyes 1h (11.9 +/- 3.8) and 2h (11.5 +/- 3.0) were statistically lower than IOP compared with control group (12,6 +/- 2,8) (p=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences for the other measurements. Control and pilocarpine had a percentual IOP increase after 2 hours of 8.7 +/- 19.1% (13.5 +/- 3.2 mmHg) and 1.2 +/- 26.3% (12.5 +/- 3.6 mmHg) respectively. Mean percentual postoperative IOP reduction was detected in the apraclonidine group -24.7 +/- 15.5% (9.8 +/- 2.6 mmHg), in the brimonidine group -8.9 +/- 15.5% (10.1 +/- 1.7 mmHg), in the dorzolamide group -6.9 +/- 20.3% (12.1 +/- 2.8 mmHg), in the latanoprost group -0.4 +/- 25.9% (12.1 +/- 2.9 mmHg) and in timolol group -16.2 +/- 14.1% (10.3 +/- 1.7 mmHg). These differences were statistically significant (p=0.001). There was no significant difference between frequencies of hypertension (p=0.148). CONCLUSION: Apraclonidine caused higher hypotensive effect after capsulotomy with YAG laser when compared with brimonidine, dorzolamide, latanoprost, pilocarpine, timolol and control group.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2008; 8: 20
Cellini M, Leonetti P, Strobbe E, Campos EC
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess changes in metalloproteinases (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-2) following selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG). METHODS: We enrolled 15 patients with PEXG and cataracts (PEXG-C group) and good intraocular pressure (IOP) controlled with beta-blockers and dorzolamide eye drops who were treated by cataract phacoemulsification and 15 patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG-SLT group). The PEXG-SLT patients underwent a trabeculectomy for uncontrolled IOP in the eye that showed increased IOP despite the maximum drug treatment with beta-blockers and dorzolamide eye drops and after ineffective selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT). The control group consisted of 15 subjects with cataracts. Aqueous humor was aspirated during surgery from patients with PEXG-C, PEXG-SLT and from matched control patients with cataracts during cataract surgery or trabeculectomy. The concentrations of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the aqueous humor were assessed with commercially available ELISA kits. RESULTS: In PEXG-SLT group in the first 10 days after SLT treatment a significant reduction in IOP was observed: 25.8 +/- 1.9 vs 18.1.0 +/- 1.4 mm/Hg (p < 0.001), but after a mean time of 31.5 +/- 7.6 days IOP increased and returned to pretreatment levels: 25.4 +/- 1.6 mm/Hg (p < 0.591). Therefore a trabeculectomy was considered necessary.The MMP-2 in PEXG-C was 57.77 +/- 9.25 microg/ml and in PEXG-SLT was 58.52 +/- 9.66 microg/ml (p < 0.066). TIMP-2 was 105.19 +/- 28.53 microg/ml in PEXG-C and 105.96 +/- 27.65 microg/ml in PEXG-SLT (p < 0.202). The MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio in the normal subjects was 1.11 +/- 0.44. This ratio increase to 1.88 +/- 0.65 in PEXG-C (p < 0.001) and to 1.87 +/- 0.64 in PEXG-SLT (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the PEXG-C and PEXG-SLT ratios (p < 0.671). CONCLUSION: This case series suggest that IOP elevation after SLT can be a serious adverse event in some PEXG patients. The IOP increase in these cases would be correlated to the failure to decrease the TIMP-2/MMP-2 ratio. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN79745214.
Eur J Ophthalmol. 2008 Sep-Oct; 18(5): 778-86
Hommer A, Thygesen J, Ferreras A, Wickstrom J, Friis MM, Buchholz P, Walt JG
PURPOSE: Efficacy, safety, and cost implications are important considerations when choosing an ophthalmic treatment. Fixed-combination glaucoma medications containing brimonidine 0.2% and timolol 0.5%, or dorzolamide 2% and timolol 0.5%, were compared with brimonidine 0.2% and dorzolamide 2% that were used as adjunctive therapy to timolol 0.5%. METHODS: A literature review was conducted to determine the outcome parameters of intraocular pressure reduction and tolerability after 3 months of use of brimonidine or dorzolamide, each together with timolol as a fixed-combination or in concomitant therapy. Modelled cost-minimization and cost-effectiveness analyses were performed to investigate the economic consequences of ophthalmic therapy with brimonidine, dorzolamide, and timolol from a societal perspective. RESULTS: The literature review found that brimonidine and dorzolamide used as fixed combinations with timolol as well as in adjunctive therapy to timolol were equally effective and safe. Furthermore, in the European countries studied, the fixed combination of brimonidine/timolol represented a less costly option when compared to the fixed combination of dorzolamide/timolol evaluated over both a 3-month and a 12-month horizon. CONCLUSIONS: Brimonidine used as a fixed-combination therapy with timolol provided better cost value than dorzolamide/timolol in all the countries studied. For most countries, the fixed combination of brimonidine and timolol also provided better cost value than adjunctive therapy with brimonidine, which was more cost effective than adjunctive therapy with dorzolamide.
Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Sep 30;
Walia S, Fishman GA, Molday RS, Dyka FM, Kumar NM, Ehlinger MA, Stone EM
PURPOSE: To determine if a positive response of macular cysts to treatment with dorzolamide eye drops in patients with juvenile X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) can occur with mutations that result in different types of retinoschisin protein dysfunction. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Thirteen eyes of seven patients seen at the University of Illinois at Chicago with a known diagnosis of XLRS were included. Each patient had received or currently was receiving treatment with topical dorzolamide. One patient from each family was screened for a genetic mutation. Using the method of cell transfection and protein preparation, the mutation in each patient was analyzed further and was categorized into one of three groups: 1) total absence of retinoschisin protein secretion, 2) decreased expression of the secreted protein, or 3) secretion of a nonfunctional protein. The response to dorzolamide was observed using optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Significant improvement in the foveal zone thickness was observed with the use of dorzolamide in three of four patients with absence of protein secretion, in two patients with a lack of protein expression, and in one patient with a nonfunctional protein secretion. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the response of macular cysts to dorzolamide in patients with XLRS may be observed independent of the mechanism responsible for retinoschisin protein dysfunction. Hence, treatment with dorzolamide may be effective in patients with different mechanisms of dysfunction in retinoschisin.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2008 Oct 1; 1
Singh S, Khadikar PV, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT
QSAR studies for the inhibition of isozyme XIV of human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) by a series of sulfonamides including clinically used derivatives (acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide, benzolamide, and zonisamide) are presented. Statistical calculations done using the PRECLAV program, for the correlation between the observed inhibition values and the calculated ones were good (s = 0.2416, r(2) = 0.9259, F = 75.0196, [image omitted] ). The obtained results by using PRECLAV descriptors have been compared with those where the descriptors have been calculated with HYPERCHEM. The obtained QSAR equations pointed out the fact that the CA inhibitory activity decreased for unsubstituted (at the organic scaffold) aromatic/heteroaromatic sulfonamides, but was favored by the presence of alkyl groups substituting the scaffold, which led to a higher internal topological diversity, as well as by the presence of condensed aromatic rings in the structure of these enzyme inhibitors.
Cesk Slov Oftalmol. 2008 Jul; 64(4): 131-4
Oláh Z, Veselovský J, Veselá A
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of instilled amino acid L-arginine.HCl and combination of two antiglaucomatics (Trusopt with Xalatane mixture) on the physiological intraocular pressure IOP in rabbits. METHODS: Into the left conjunctival sac of 5 female rabbits of the New Zealand White species was instilled the mixture of 2% Trusopt (Dorsolamidi hydrochlorici) with 0.005% Xalatane (Latano-prostum) and after the one week break, the 10% L-arginine.HCl in 2% Trusopt with 0.005% Xalatane mixture. The IOPs were measured in 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 min. and 24 hours after the instillation. The right eyes were used as controls. RESULTS: 1. The combination of two antiglaucomatics in comparison with the control eye decreased significantly the IOP value already after 15 min. The major decrease of the IOP (6.5 mm Hg) was observed after 240 min. After 24 hours, the effectiveness was not significant. 2. After instillation of the 10% L-arginine.HCl in 2% Trusopt with 0.005% Xalatane mixture, during the next 24 hours, the biphasic decrease of the IOP was established. The maximum of the effectiveness of this mixture is after 30 min (decrease by 5.1 mm Hg). The evidence of the effect was present also after 24 hour (decrease by 2.5 mm Hg). The mean value of the IOP of the control eyes in both groups of experiments in course of 24 hours was stable and was at the initial values. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of two antiglaucomatics (Trusopt with Xalatane mixture) was used. The effect of those two substances is not separate or additive but acts as a newly formed substance. In the structures of the eye, this new substance has only poor interaction with the free amino acids of the conjunctival sac in vivo. After in vitro interaction of the L-arginine.HCl and combination of two antiglaucomatics (Trusopt with Xalatane mixture), a new bioactive substance with stronger effect on physiologic IOP values was produced.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Aug 29;
Torring MS, Holmgaard K, Hessellund A, Aalkjaer C, Bek T
Introduction: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce the intraocular pressure which may protect the optic nerve from ischemia. However, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have also been shown to dilate the blood vessels in the retina and the optic nerve head. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CO2 , H(+) or other factors than carbonic anhydrase inhibition may be involved in this vasodilating effect. Methods: Porcine retinal arterioles with preserved perivascular retinal tissue were mounted in a myograph for isometric force measurements. After pre-contraction with the prostaglandin analogue U46619, concentration-response experiments were carried out with acetazolamide and dorzolamide before and after removal of the perivascular retina. The experiments were carried out at normal pH and during acidosis, during normocapnia and hypercapnia, as well as in the nominal absence of CO2 and HCO3 -. Results: The maximum relaxation was significantly lower and the EC50 significantly higher during normal pH as compared to acidosis (p=0.002 and p
[Toxic epidermal necrolysis following dorzolamide eyedrops]
An Med Interna. 2008 Jan; 25(1): 47-8
Asensio-Sánchez VM
Additive effect of dorzolamide hydrochloride to patients taking travoprost: a retrospective study.
Optometry. 2008 Sep; 79(9): 501-4
Boyer S, Gay D
BACKGROUND: A retrospective chart review study at a Veterans Affairs hospital evaluated intraocular pressure change after dorzolamide hydrochloride 2% was administered to patients already using travoprost. A literature search found no other study that looked specifically at this combination of drugs. METHODS: A chart review of 46 patients at the Veterans Affairs Illiana Health Care System was performed evaluating the intraocular pressures after dorzolamide hydrochloride was added to travoprost. Baseline intraocular pressures were obtained on patients who had been on travoprost at least 4 months. Endpoint intraocular pressures were then obtained from the visit closest to 6 months after the addition of dorzolamide hydrochloride. RESULTS: An average intraocular pressure reduction of an additional 20.6% was observed after adding only dorzolamide hydrochloride to travoprost. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed our clinical observations that dorzolamide hydrochloride added to travoprost is an excellent and safe choice to further lower intraocular pressures.
Oral niacin can increase intraocular pressure.
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2008 Jul-Aug; 39(4): 341-2
Tittler EH, de Barros DS, Navarro JB, Freitas DG, Gheith ME, Siam GA, Spaeth GL
The intraocular pressure of a 73-year-old man with a history of primary open-angle glaucoma had been approximately 21 and 17 mm Hg in the right and left eyes, respectively, while taking latanoprost 0.005% and dorzolamide hydrochloride 2%. When taking 500 mg of oral niacin (also known as vitamin B3 or nicotinic acid), his intraocular pressure increased to 37 and 27 mm Hg in the right and left eyes, respectively, on one occasion. On reexamination, the intraocular pressure had increased to 28 and 23 mm Hg in the right and left eyes, respectively. Each time the niacin was stopped, the intraocular pressure decreased to the original levels.