Adapalene and Benzoyl Peroxide (Page 3 of 4)
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
No carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, or fertility studies were conducted with adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel.
Carcinogenicity studies with adapalene were conducted in mice at topical doses of 0.4, 1.3, and 4.0 mg/kg/day (1.2, 3.9, and 12 mg/m2 /day) and in rats at oral doses of 0.15, 0.5, and 1.5 mg/kg/day (0.9, 3.0, and 9.0 mg/m2 /day). The highest dose levels are 3.2 (mice) and 2.4 (rats) times the MRHD of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel based on a mg/m2 comparison. In the rat study, an increased incidence of benign and malignant pheochromocytomas reported in the adrenal medulla of male rats was observed.
No significant increase in tumor formation was observed in rodents topically treated with 15 to 25% benzoyl peroxide carbopol gel (6 to 10 times the concentration of benzoyl peroxide in adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel) for two years. Rats received maximum daily applications of 138 (males) and 205 (females) mg/kg benzoyl peroxide (27 to 40 times the MRHD based on a mg/m2 comparison). Similar results were obtained in mice topically treated with 25% benzoyl peroxide carbopol gel for 56 weeks followed by intermittent treatment with 15% benzoyl peroxide carbopol gel for rest of the 2 year study period, and in mice topically treated with 5% benzoyl peroxide carbopol gel for two years.
Benzoyl peroxide is a tumor promoter in several animal species. The significance of this finding in humans is unknown.
Adapalene was not mutagenic or genotoxic in vitro (Ames test, Chinese hamster ovary cell assay, or mouse lymphoma TK assay) or in vivo (mouse micronucleus test).
Benzoyl peroxide caused DNA strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links in mammalian cells, increased sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and was mutagenic in a few, but not all, in vitro bacterial mutagenicity assays (Ames tests) conducted.
In rat oral studies, 20 mg/kg/day adapalene (32 times the MRHD based on a mg/m2 comparison) did not affect the reproductive performance and fertility of F0 males and females or the growth, development, or reproductive function of F1 offspring.
No fertility studies were conducted with benzoyl peroxide.
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
The safety and efficacy of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel applied once daily for 12 weeks for the treatment of acne vulgaris were assessed in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial, comparing adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel to vehicle gel in subjects with acne vulgaris. The trial also evaluated adapalene and benzoyl peroxide gel, 0.1%/2.5%, a lower strength product than adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel, 0.3%/2.5%. In this trial, 217 subjects were treated with adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel, 217 subjects with adapalene and benzoyl peroxide, gel, 0.1%/2.5% and 69 subjects with the vehicle gel.
Treatment response was defined as the percent of subjects who were rated “clear” or “almost clear’ at Week 12 with at least a two-grade improvement based on the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), and mean absolute change from baseline at Week 12 in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesion counts. An IGA score of ‘Clear’ corresponded to clear skin with no inflammatory or non-inflammatory lesions. An IGA score of “almost clear” corresponded to a few scattered comedones and a few small papules.
At baseline, 50% of subjects were graded as “moderate” (IGA Grade 3) and 50% were graded as “severe” (IGA Grade 4) on the IGA scale. Subjects had an average of 98 (range 51 to 226) total lesions of which the mean number of inflammatory lesions was 38 (range: 20 to 99) and the mean number of non-inflammatory lesions was 60 (range 30 to 149). Subjects ranged in age from 12 to 57 years, with 273 (54%) of subjects 12 to 17 years of age. Approximately equal number of males (48%) and females (52%) were enrolled.
The IGA success rate, mean reduction, and percent reduction in acne lesion counts from baseline after 12 weeks of treatment are presented in the following table.
| Adapalene and Benzoyl | Adapalene and Benzoyl | ||
| Peroxide Topical Gel, | Peroxide Gel, | Vehicle | |
| 0.3%/2.5% (N=217) | 0.1%/2.5% (N=217)* | (N=69) | |
| IGA: two-grade improvement and “clear” | |||
| or “almost clear” | 33.7% | 27.3% | 11.0% |
| Inflammatory lesions: | |||
| mean absolute (percent) reduction | 27.8 (68.7%) | 26.5 (69.3%) | 13.2 (39.2%) |
| Non-inflammatory lesions: | |||
| mean absolute (percent) reduction | 40.5 (68.3%) | 40.0 (68.0%) | 19.7 (37.4%) |
| * This trial was not designed or powered to compare the efficacy of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel to the lower strength adapalene and benzoyl peroxide gel, 0.1%/2.5%, nor to compare the lower strength adapalene and benzoyl peroxide gel, 0.1%/2.5% to the vehicle control. | |||
In subjects graded as “severe” (IGA Grade 4), efficacy was observed in the adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel group.
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
16.1 How Supplied
Adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel 0.3% / 2.5% is white to very pale yellow in color and opaque in appearance, and is supplied as follows:
45 gram pump — NDC 0480-3154-45
16.2 Storage and Handling
- Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
- Keep away from heat.
- Protect from light.
- Keep out of reach of children.
Keep this and all medication out of the reach of children.
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
Advise the patient to read the FDA approved patient labeling (Patient Information).
Hypersensitivity
Inform patients that serious hypersensitivity reactions occurred with the use of benzoyl peroxide products. If a patient experiences a serious hypersensitivity reaction, instruct patient to discontinue adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel immediately and seek medical help [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Photosensitivity
Advise patients to minimize or avoid exposure to natural or artificial light, including tanning beds or UVA/B treatment. Recommend the use of broad spectrum sunscreen products and protective apparel (e.g., hat) when exposure cannot be avoided [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Skin Irritation/Contact Dermatitis
Inform patients that adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel may cause irritation such as erythema, scaling, dryness, stinging or burning [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Lactation
Use adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel on the smallest part of the skin and for the shortest duration possible while breastfeeding. Advise breastfeeding women not to apply adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel directly to the nipple and areola to avoid direct infant exposure [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].
Administration Instructions
- Advise patients to cleanse the area to be treated with a mild or soapless cleanser; pat dry. Apply adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel as a thin layer, avoiding the eyes, lips and mucous membranes.
- Advise patients not to use more than the recommended amount and not to apply more than once daily as this will not produce faster results, but may increase irritation.
- Wash hands after application as adapalene and benzoyl peroxide topical gel may bleach hair and colored fabric.
Manufactured For:
Teva PharmaceuticalsParsippany, NJ 07054
Iss. 5/2022
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