Cilostazol

CILOSTAZOL- cilostazol tablet
REMEDYREPACK INC.

WARNING: CONTRAINDICATED IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS

Cilostazol tablets are contraindicated in patients with heart failure of any severity. Cilostazol and several of its metabolites are inhibitors of phosphodiesterase III. Several drugs with this pharmacologic effect have caused decreased survival compared to placebo in patients with class III-IV heart failure [see Contraindications ( 4)] .

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Cilostazol tablets are indicated for the reduction of symptoms of intermittent claudication, as demonstrated by an increased walking distance.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Recommended dosage

The recommended dosage of cilostazol is 100 mg twice daily taken at least half an hour before or two hours after breakfast and dinner.

Patients may respond as early as 2 to 4 weeks after the initiation of therapy, but treatment for up to 12 weeks may be needed before a beneficial effect is experienced. If symptoms are unimproved after 3 months, discontinue cilostazol.

2.2 Dose Reduction with CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 Inhibitors

Reduce dose to 50 mg twice daily when coadministered with strong or moderate inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, erythromycin, and diltiazem) or inhibitors of CYP2C19 (e.g., ticlopidine, fluconazole, and omeprazole) [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1)] .

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Cilostazol tablets, USP 100 mg tablets are white, round, flat-faced, bevelled-edge tablets, engraved “APO” on one side and “CIL” over “100” on the other side.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Cilostazol is contraindicated in patients with:

  • Heart failure of any severity: Cilostazol and several of its metabolites are inhibitors of phosphodiesterase III. Several drugs with this pharmacologic effect have caused decreased survival compared to placebo in patients with class III-IV heart failure.
  • Hypersensitivity to cilostazol or any components of cilostazol tablets (e.g., anaphylaxis, angioedema)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Tachycardia

Cilostazol may induce tachycardia, palpitation, tachyarrhythmia or hypotension. The increase in heart rate associated with cilostazol is approximately 5 to 7 bpm. Patients with a history of ischemic heart disease may be at risk for exacerbations of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction.

5.2 Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction

Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction has been reported in patients with sigmoid shaped interventricular septum. Monitor patients for the development of a new systolic murmur or cardiac symptoms after starting cilostazol.

5.3 Hematologic Adverse Reactions

Cases of thrombocytopenia or leukopenia progressing to agranulocytosis when cilostazol was not immediately discontinued have been reported. Agranulocytosis is reversible on discontinuation of cilostazol. Monitor platelets and white blood cell counts periodically.

5.4 Hemostatic Disorders or Active Pathologic Bleeding

Cilostazol inhibits platelet aggregation in a reversible manner. Cilostazol has not been studied in patients with hemostatic disorders or active pathologic bleeding. Avoid use of cilostazol tablets in these patients.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:

  • Patients with Heart Failure [see Boxed Warning]
  • Tachycardia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1)]
  • Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2)]
  • Hematologic Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3)]
  • Hemostatic Disorders or Active Pathologic Bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4)]

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adverse reactions were assessed in eight placebo-controlled clinical trials involving patients exposed to either 50 or 100 mg twice daily cilostazol tablets (n=1301) or placebo (n=973), with a median treatment duration of 127 days for patients on cilostazol tablets and 134 days for patients on placebo.

The most frequent adverse reaction resulting in discontinuation of therapy in more than 3% of patients treated with cilostazol tablets was headache [50 mg twice daily (1.3%), 100 mg twice daily (3.5%) and placebo (0.3%)]. Other frequent causes of discontinuation included palpitation and diarrhea, both 1.1% for cilostazol tablets (all doses) versus 0.1% for placebo.

The most common adverse reactions, occurring in at least 2% of patients treated with cilostazol tablets 50 or 100 mg twice daily, are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Most Common Adverse Reactions in Patients on cilostazol tablets 50 or 100 mg Twice Daily (Incidence at least 2% and Occurring More Frequently (≥ 2%) in the 100 mg Twice Daily Group than on Placebo)

Adverse Reactions Placebo (N=973) Cilostazol tablets 50 mg twice daily (N=303) Cilostazol tablets 100 mg twice daily (N=998)
Headache 14% 27% 34%
Diarrhea 7% 12% 19%
Abnormal stools 4% 12% 15%
Palpitation 1% 5% 10%
Dizziness 6% 9% 10%
Pharyngitis 7% 7% 10%
Infection 8% 14% 10%
Peripheral edema 4% 9% 7%
Rhinitis 5% 12% 7%
Dyspepsia 4% 6% 6%
Abdominal pain 3% 4% 5%
Tachycardia 1% 4% 4%

Less frequent clinical significant adverse reactions (less than 2%) that were experienced by patients treated with cilostazol 50 mg twice daily or 100 mg twice daily in the eight controlled clinical trials and that occurred at a frequency in the 100 mg twice daily group greater than in the placebo group are listed below.

Body as a whole: fever, generalized edema, malaise

Cardiovascular: atrial fibrillation, heart failure, myocardial infarction, nodal arrhythmia, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular tachycardia

Digestive: anorexia, melena

Hematologic and Lymphatic: anemia

Metabolic and Nutritional: increased creatinine, hyperuricemia

Nervous: insomnia

Respiratory: epistaxis

Skin and Appendages: urticaria

Special Senses: conjunctivitis, retinal hemorrhage, tinnitus

Urogenital: urinary frequency

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of cilostazol tablets. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of an unknown size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Blood and lymphatic system disorders:
Aplastic anemia, granulocytopenia, pancytopenia, bleeding tendency

Cardiac disorders:
Torsade de pointes and QTc prolongation in patients with cardiac disorders (e.g. complete atrioventricular block, heart failure; and bradyarrythmia), angina pectoris.

Gastrointestinal disorders:
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, vomiting, flatulence, nausea

General disorders and administration site conditions:
Pain, chest pain, hot flushes

Hepatobiliary disorders:
Hepatic dysfunction/abnormal liver function tests, jaundice

Immune system disorders:
Anaphylaxis, angioedema, and hypersensitivity

Investigations:
Blood glucose increased, blood uric acid increased, increase in BUN (blood urea increased), blood pressure increase

Nervous system disorders:
Intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebrovascular accident, extradural hematoma and subdural hematoma

Renal and urinary disorders:
Hematuria

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders:
Pulmonary hemorrhage, interstitial pneumonia

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders:
Hemorrhage subcutaneous, pruritus, skin eruptions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, skin drug eruption (dermatitis medicamentosa), rash

Vascular disorders:
Subacute stent thrombosis, hypertension.

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