Ciprofloxacin

CIPROFLOXACIN- ciprofloxacin injection, solution
Sagent Pharmaceuticals

WARNING: SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS INCLUDING TENDINITIS, TENDON RUPTURE, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS AND EXACERBATION OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

  • Fluoroquinolones, including Ciprofloxacin Injection (in 5% Dextrose Injection), have been associated with disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions that have occurred together [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] including:
    • Tendinitis and tendon rupture [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
    • Peripheral neuropathy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
    • Central nervous system effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]

    Discontinue Ciprofloxacin Injection (in 5% Dextrose Injection) immediately and avoid the use of fluoroquinolones, including Ciprofloxacin Injection (in 5% Dextrose Injection), in patients who experience any of these serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

  • Fluoroquinolones, including Ciprofloxacin Injection (in 5% Dextrose Injection), may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. Avoid Ciprofloxacin Injection in patients with known history of myasthenia gravis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
  • Because fluoroquinolones, including Ciprofloxacin Injection (in 5% Dextrose Injection), have been associated with serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 to 5.16)] , reserve Ciprofloxacin Injection (in 5% Dextrose Injection) for use in patients who have no alternative treatment options for the following indications:
    • Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis [see Indications and Usage (1.9)]
    • Acute Sinusitis [see Indications and Usage (1.11)]

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

1.1 Skin and Skin Structure Infections

Ciprofloxacin Injection (in 5% Dextrose Injection) is indicated in adult patients for treatment of skin and skin structure infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia stuartii, Morganella morganii, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Streptococcus pyogenes.

1.2 Bone and Joint Infections

Ciprofloxacin Injection is indicated in adult patients for treatment of bone and joint infections caused by Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

1.3 Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections

Ciprofloxacin Injection is indicated in adult patients for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (used in combination with metronidazole) caused by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Bacteroides fragilis.

1.4 Nosocomial Pneumonia

Ciprofloxacin Injection is indicated in adult patients for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae or Klebsiella pneumoniae.

1.5 Empirical Therapy for Febrile Neutropenic Patients

Ciprofloxacin Injection is indicated in adult patients for the treatment of febrile neutropenia in combination with piperacillin sodium [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

1.6 Inhalational Anthrax (Post-Exposure)

Ciprofloxacin Injection is indicated in adults and pediatric patients from birth to 17 years of age for treatment of inhalational anthrax (post-exposure) to reduce the incidence or progression of disease following exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis.

Ciprofloxacin serum concentrations achieved in humans served as a surrogate endpoint reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit and provided the initial basis for approval of this indication.1 Supportive clinical information for ciprofloxacin for anthrax post-exposure prophylaxis was obtained during the anthrax bioterror attacks of October 2001 [see Clinical Studies (14.3)].

1.7 Plague

Ciprofloxacin Injection is indicated for treatment of plague, including pneumonic and septicemic plague, due to Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) and prophylaxis for plague in adults and pediatric patients from birth to 17 years of age. Efficacy studies of ciprofloxacin could not be conducted in humans with plague for feasibility reasons. Therefore this indication is based on an efficacy study conducted in animals only [see Clinical Studies (14.4)].

1.8 Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis

Ciprofloxacin Injection is indicated in adult patients for treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis caused by Escherichia coli or Proteus mirabilis.

1.9 Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Ciprofloxacin Injection is indicated in adult patients for treatment of lower respiratory tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ciprofloxacin Injection is not a drug of first choice in the treatment of presumed or confirmed pneumonia secondary to Streptococcus pneumonia.

Ciprofloxacin Injection is indicated for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) caused by Moraxella catarrhalis.

Because fluoroquinolones, including Ciprofloxacin Injection, have been associated with serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 to 5.16)] and for some patients AECB is self-limiting, reserve Ciprofloxacin Injection for treatment of AECB in patients who have no alternative treatment options.

1.10 Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary Tract Infection in Adults

Ciprofloxacin Injection is indicated in adult patients for treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Enterobacter cloacae , Serratia marcescens , Proteus mirabilis , Providencia rettgeri , Morganella morganii , Citrobacter koseri , Citrobacter freundii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis , Staphylococcus saprophyticus , or Enterococcus faecalis.

Complicated Urinary Tract Infections and Pyelonephritis in Pediatric Patients

Ciprofloxacin Injection is indicated in pediatric patients one to 17 years of age for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) and pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].

Although effective in clinical trials, Ciprofloxacin Injection is not a drug of first choice in the pediatric population due to an increased incidence of adverse reactions compared to controls, including reactions related to joints and/or surrounding tissues. Ciprofloxacin Injection, like other fluoroquinolones, is associated with arthropathy and histopathological changes in weight-bearing joints of juvenile animals [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13), Adverse Reactions (6.1), Use in Specific Populations (8.4), and Nonclinical Toxicology (13.2)].

1.11 Acute Sinusitis

Ciprofloxacin Injection is indicated in adult patients for treatment of acute sinusitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , or Moraxella catarrhalis.

Because fluoroquinolones, including Ciprofloxacin Injection, have been associated with serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 to 5.16)] and for some patients acute sinusitis is self-limiting, reserve Ciprofloxacin for treatment of acute sinusitis in patients who have no alternative treatment options.

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