Ciprofloxacin (Page 2 of 12)

1.12 Acute Sinusitis

Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult patients for treatment of acute sinusitis caused by or Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult patients for treatment of acute sinusitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Moraxella catarrhalis.

Because fluoroquinolones, including Ciprofloxacin, have been associated with serious adverse reactions and for some patients acute sinusitis is self-limiting, reserve Ciprofloxacin for treatment of acute sinusitis in patients who have no alternative treatment options. Because fluoroquinolones, including Ciprofloxacin, have been associated with serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.15.15)] and for some patients acute sinusitis is self-limiting, reserve Ciprofloxacin for treatment of acute sinusitis in patients who have no alternative treatment options.

1.13 Usage

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Ciprofloxacin and other antibacterial drugs, Ciprofloxacin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

If anaerobic organisms are suspected of contributing to the infection, appropriate therapy should be administered. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin. Therapy with Ciprofloxacin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once results become available appropriate therapy should be continued.

As with other drugs, some isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa may develop resistance fairly rapidly during treatment with ciprofloxacin. Culture and susceptibility testing performed periodically during therapy will provide information not only on the therapeutic effect of the antimicrobial agent but also on the possible emergence of bacterial resistance.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Ciprofloxacin Tablets should be administered orally as described in the appropriate Dosage Guidelines tables.

2.1 Dosage in Adults

The determination of dosage and duration for any particular patient must take into consideration the severity and nature of the infection, the susceptibility of the causative microorganism, the integrity of the patient’s host-defense mechanisms, and the status of renal and hepatic function. The determination of dosage and duration for any particular patient must take into consideration the severity and nature of the infection, the susceptibility of the causative microorganism, the integrity of the patient’s host-defense mechanisms, and the status of renal and hepatic function.

Table 1: Adult Dosage Guidelines

1. Generally ciprofloxacin should be continued for at least 2 days after the signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared, except for inhalational anthrax (post-exposure). 1. Generally ciprofloxacin should be continued for at least 2 days after the signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared, except for inhalational anthrax (post-exposure).

2. Used in conjunction with metronidazole. 2. Used in conjunction with metronidazole.

3. Begin drug administration as soon as possible after suspected or confirmed exposure. 3. Begin drug administration as soon as possible after suspected or confirmed exposure.

Infection Dose Frequency Usual Durations 1
Skin and Skin Structure 500–750 mg every 12 hours 7 to 14 days
Bone and Joint 500–750 mg every 12 hours 4 to 8 weeks
Complicated Intra–Abdominal 2 500 mg every 12 hours 7 to 14 days
Infectious Diarrhea 500 mg every 12 hours 5 to 7 days
Typhoid Fever 500 mg every 12 hours 10 days
Uncomplicated Urethral and Cervical Gonococcal Infections 250 mg single dose single dose
Inhalational anthrax (post-exposure) 3 500 mg every 12 hours 60 days
Plague 3 500–750 mg every 12 hours 14 days
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis 500 mg every 12 hours 28 days
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 500–750 mg every 12 hours 7 to 14 days
Urinary Tract Infections 250–500 mg every 12 hours 7 to 14 days
Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis 250 mg every 12 hours 3 days
Acute Sinusitis 500 mg every 12 hours 10 days

Conversion of IV to Oral Dosing in Adults

Patients whose therapy is started with Ciprofloxacin IV may be switched to Ciprofloxacin Tablets or Oral Suspension when clinically indicated at the discretion of the physician ( Table 2) [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3)].

Table 2: Equivalent AUC Dosing Regimens
Ciprofloxacin Oral Dosage Equivalent Ciprofloxacin IV Dosage
250 mg Tablet every 12 hours 200 mg intravenous every 12 hours
500 mg Tablet every 12 hours 400 mg intravenous every 12 hours
750 mg Tablet every 12 hours 400 mg intravenous every 8 hours

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